Abstract Probate inventories helped to support the established social and economic order in colonial Jamaica. These documents were part of legal process winding up an estate after a death presented account personal possessions that had belonged decedent. They facilitated transfer property heirs identified those parts available for repayment debts. The contain lists enslaved people, representing...

Recent global developments in the regulation of trade and intellectual property rights threaten to hinder the access of populations in developing countries to essential drugs. The authors argue for state intervention in the health and pharmaceutical markets in order to guarantee equitable access to these products.

In property testing, the goal is to distinguish between structures that have some desired property and those that are far from having the property, after examining only a small, random sample of the structure. We focus on the classification of first-order sentences based on their quantifier prefixes and vocabulary into testable and untestable classes. This classification was initiated by Alon e...

This paper explores the interaction between long run economic growth, financial development, and intellectual property rights through a general equilibrium, over-lapping generation, infinite horizon, endogenous R&D model with heterogeneous agents. I find that a reduced collateral constraint leads to both an ability to engage more heavily in research and a reduced incentive to engage in research...

treatment of diseases with natural remedies is gaining popularity because of its fewer side effects.   a systemic and scientific investigation of aqueous extract of euphorbia tirucalli for its antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats was carried out . antioxidant property was assessed by using reducing property, superoxide anion scav...

determination of price of lost property is faced with two difficulties: on the one hand, property price is variable from time to time so it is necessary to determine the price of the item in which time must be considered? on the other side question of devaluation of money is raised. whether the agent of the loss is responsible for this or she/he is merely responsible for the value of property i...

Cohn called a ring $R$ is reversible if whenever $ab = 0,$ then $ba = 0$ for $a,bin R.$ The reversible property is an important role in noncommutative ring theory‎. ‎Recently‎, ‎Abdul-Jabbar et al‎. ‎studied the reversible ring property on nilpotent elements‎, ‎introducing‎ the concept of commutativity of nilpotent elements at zero (simply‎, ‎a CNZ ring)‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we extend the CNZ pr...