When predicting the spread of a disease such as smallpox, knowledge of the transmission parameter, R0, is important. Previous studies have estimated R0 from outbreaks of the disease, but these estimates are prone to uncertainties because of the small population sizes and the short data runs. This study uses data from smallpox deaths in London over the period 1708 to 1748. Although smallpox was ...

Label propagation has proven to be an extremely fast method for detecting communities in large complex networks. Furthermore, due to its simplicity, it is also currently one of the most commonly adopted algorithms in the literature. Despite various subsequent advances, an important issue of the algorithm has not yet been properly addressed. Random (node) update orders within the algorithm sever...

Abstract—Adapting transmission parameters to the future channel state is an appealing approach to improve efficiency in wireless communication. Adaptation requires predicting the channel state. Current channel-adaptive techniques assume perfect prediction. In this paper, we claim that neglecting the prediction error leads to poor performance results, possibly even worse than without prediction ...

The electric resistance, sensitively dependent on the electronic structure and currently used to detect transformation temperatures in shape memory alloys, deserves attention also in the stress transformation domain. In fact, the electric resistance has already been investigated under increasing stress in the martensitic phase of several shape memory alloys: in this case a linear relationship i...

Most previous studies of epidemic dynamics on complex networks suppose that the disease will eventually stabilize at either a disease-free state or an endemic one. In reality, however, some epidemics always exhibit sporadic and recurrent behaviour in one region because of the invasion from an endemic population elsewhere. In this paper we address this issue and study a susceptible-infected-susc...

Both Bluetooth and 802.11b wireless communication technology are poised to make a significant impact in many applications. The complementary nature of the two technologies leads to applications enhanced by their collocation and simultaneous operation. Thus heightening the need for understanding the coexistence issues between the two technologies. A method was developed for evaluating the impact...

Dielectric-based methods were used to determine nondestructively and simultaneously bulk density and moisture content in shelled peanuts from measurement of their relative complex permittivity at microwave frequencies (7–12 GHz) and 24 C. The first method is based on direct relationships between the two components of the relative complex permittivity (dielectric constant and dielectric loss fac...

This paper is concerned with the energy-efficient filtering for a class of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Due to the power limitation of WSNs, the measurement signal is transmitted to the remote filter infrequently and stochastically. A stochastic framework is proposed to formulate the filtering problem for such systems. A sufficient condition is established such that the filtering error syst...

In this section Okumura and Hata propagation models are discussed. The two models or their modified version are frequently used throughout commercially available RF engineering tools. 1.1 Okumura Propagation Model Okumura's model is one of the most frequently used macroscopic propagation models. It was developed during the mid 1960's as the result of large-scale studies conducted in and around ...

We extend the homogeneous model for the synchrotron emission from plerions to allow more realistic predictions of the surface brightness profiles of the Crab Nebula at radio, optical and X-ray frequencies. Abandoning the assumption of a uniform particle distribution, we assume that particles are injected into the synchrotron nebula only in the vicinity of the pulsar. Their distribution is then ...