BACKGROUND Withdrawal from chronic ethanol facilitates the formation of contextual fear memory and delays the onset to extinction, with its retrieval promoting an increase in ethanol consumption. Consequently, manipulations aimed to reduce these aversive memories, may be beneficial in the treatment of alcohol discontinuation symptoms. Related to this, pharmacological memory reconsolidation bloc...

Introduction: Single-shot echo-planar imaging (SS-EPI) has been widely used for diffusion imaging, primarily due to its rapid data acquisition speed, robustness against motion, and low specific absorption rate (SAR). SS-EPI, however, not only suffers from severe off-resonance effects such as magnetic susceptibility variations but also exhibits severe distortion in non-axial planes due to concom...

Abstract: 3-(Trifluoromethyl)prop-2-yne 1-iminium triflate salts were generated from 3-trifloxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-ene by triethylamine-assisted elimination of triflic acid and trapped in situ various cycloaddition reactions. These included Diels-Alder reactions with 1,3-dienes, [2+2] 1,4-diphenylbuta-1,3-diene, [3+2] organoazides. All these revealed the excellent dienophilic dipolarophi...

Recently, the phenomenon of thermal taste, where thermal tasters (TTs) perceive taste sensations from the application of thermal stimuli to the tongue, was described. Thermal taster status (TTS) appears to function as a marker of individual variation in orosensory perception, as TTs are more responsive to prototypical orosensory stimuli and flavor attributes in complex beverages than thermal no...

For many problems, the correct behavior of a model depends not only on its input-output mapping but also on properties of its Jacobian matrix, the matrix of partial derivatives of the model’s outputs with respect to its inputs. This paper introduces the J-prop algorithm, an efficient general method for computing the exact partial derivatives of a variety of simple functions of the Jacobian of a...

Objective: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria, neuropsychological testing, examinations, and parent, teacher, and self-evaluation forms. No biological, electrophysiological, or neuroimaging markers currently exist to diagnose ADHD. Many studies about the biological markers for diagnosing ADHD have bee...

A general problem in model selection is to obtain the right parameters that make a model fit observed data. For a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) trained with Backpropagation (BP), this means finding the right hidden layer size, appropriate initial weights and learning parameters. This paper proposes a method (G-Prop-II) that attempts to solve that problem by combining a genetic algorithm (GA) and ...

We examine the eecient implementation of back prop type algorithms on T0 4], a vector processor with a xed point engine, designed for neural network simulation. A matrix formulation of back prop, Matrix Back Prop 1], has been shown to be very eecient on some RISCs 2]. Using Matrix Back Prop, we achieve an asymptotically optimal performance on T0 (about 0.8 GOPS) for both forward and backward ph...

Fluorescence microscopy has revealed that the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and FlAsH-labeled transporters ProP and LacY are concentrated at the poles of Escherichia coli cells. The proportion of CL among E. coli phospholipids can be varied in vivo as it is decreased by cls mutations and it increases with the osmolality of the growth medium. In this report we compare the localization of CL, Pro...

A general problem in model selection is to obtain the right parameters that make a model "t observed data. For a multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained with back-propagation (BP), this means "nding appropiate layer size and initial weights. This paper proposes a method (G-Prop, genetic backpropagation) that attempts to solve that problem by combining a genetic algorithm (GA) and BP to train MLPs w...