PURPOSE Recent studies showed that immunological mechanisms were involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). T-helper (Th) cells play an important role in chronic inflammatory disorders and autoimmune diseases. Whether Th cells participate in the pathogenesis of DR remains unclear. METHODS To evaluate the role of Th cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus with ret...

BACKGROUND Genotypic abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system have been suggested as risk factors for the development of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy. Most of the known actions of angiotensin-II are exerted through the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor, which is present particularly in vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardium and the kidney. A transversion ...

AIM To determine if oxygen saturation in retinal vessels depends on the degree of diabetic retinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective study comparing values of oxygen saturation in retinal arteries, veins, and arterio - venous (A-V) difference in healthy persons and in patients with diagnosed diabetes. The study included 114 eyes of 76 patients with diagnosed diabetes, and 57 eyes of 57 ...

Diabetic retinopathy is a severe complication retinal disease caused by advanced diabetes mellitus. Long suffering of this disease without threatment may cause blindness. Therefore, early detection of diabetic retinopathy is very important to prevent to become proliferative. One indication that a patient has diabetic retinopathy is the existence of hard exudates besides other indications such a...

To identify genetic loci for severe diabetic retinopathy, 286 Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes from Starr County, Texas, completed physical examinations including fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy grading. Individuals with moderate-to-severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy were defined as cases. Direct genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix GeneCh...

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in type 1 diabetic patients and, additionally, the role of cardiovascular risk factors in these associations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective study included 2,237 type 1 diabetic patients from 31 centers in 16 European countries...

The role of cytokines in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and effects of fenofibrate on cytokines were explored by observing changes in serum IL-1β, TNF-α, VEGF, and Lp-PLA2 in different stages of DR and the intervention effect of oral fenofibrate on cytokines.In total, 190 patients with type 2 DR were enrolled and divided into 3 groups: diabetic without retinopathy (NDR) group (n = 30), nonproliferat...

One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is the ocular condition that pregnancy modifies.[2] Gestational diabetes poses a very low risk for the development of retinopathy. In patients who have nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), studies have demonstrated that as many as 50% may show an increase in their nonproliferative retinopathy. Approximately 5‐20% of these patients...

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the relation between retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE), traction retinal detachment (TRD) membranes, and combined traction rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (CTR) membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Seven CTR and five TRD membranes were obtained during closed microsurgery. Six of the seven CTR membranes and one of the fiv...

BACKGROUND/AIM To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) of type II diabetes mellitus patients with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects and to determine the association of the severity of diabetic retinopathy and CCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type II diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy, with nonproliferative retinopathy, and with proliferative retinopathy were organized as the ...