Daikon is an implementation of dynamic detection of likely invariants; that is, the Daikon invariant detector reports likely program invariants. An invariant is a property that holds at a certain point or points in a program; these are often used in assert statements, documentation, and formal specifications. Examples include being constant (x = a), non-zero (x 6= 0), being in a range (a ≤ x ≤ ...

PURPOSE The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) expects programs to engage in ongoing, meaningful improvement, facilitated in part through an annual process of program assessment and improvement. The Duke University Hospital Office of Graduate Medical Education (OGME) used an institutional practice-based learning and improvement strategy to improve the annual evaluation...

SUMMARY PopHist is a computer program that uses the frequency spectrum of alleles to: (a) estimate maximum likelihood parameters describing a population's history; and (b) compare alternative hypotheses about population history using likelihood ratio tests. The program uses the matrix coalescent, a method for calculating theoretical frequency spectra that can be applied to sets of unlinked site...

OBJECTIVE We investigate a knowledge-based help system for developers of an integrated clinical information system (CIS). The first objective in the study was to determine the system's ability to answer users' questions effectively. User performance and behavior were studied. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of using questions and answers to augment or replace traditional program...

This work has been supported by the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. The reuse of application frameworks and class libraries can improve the productivity in software development considerably. Object-oriented techniques, i.e., inheritance and information hiding, that ease reusing software, can be applied to documentation and thus, enable documentation reuse. One can...

Program comprehension of legacy systems is a highly knowledge intensive task. One of the goal of reverse engineering is to propose automated help to relate application domain concepts to all their implementation instances. It is generally accepted that to do so requires analyzing such documentation as identifiers or comments. However, before attempting to perform this difficult analysis, it wou...

Introduction: Post operative pain is an expected adverse outcome following surgery and it often delays mobilization and overall recovery. Acute post operative pain is subjective and cannot be measured objectively. Aims: The aim of this study was to: 1Assess nurses' postoperative pain assessment and management documentation of pain in the first three days postoperatively in the surgical wards at...

Program comprehension of legacy systems is a highly knowledge intensive task. One of the goal of reverse engineering is to propose automated help to relate application domain concepts to all their implementation instances. It is generally accepted that to do so would require analyzing such documentation as identifiers or comments. However, before attempting to perform this difficult analysis, i...

This paper describes an integration of hypertext browsing and authoring facilities into a syntax-directed programming environment. The editor’s recognition of the programming language building blocks has been exploited not only to guide program entry, but to break programs into units which can be connected into a hyperdocument. Comments and documentation are separated from the actual program an...