In biological systems, as in human society, competing social groups may depend heavily on a small number of volunteers to advance the group's prospects. This phenomenon can be understood as the solution to an evolutionary public goods game, in which a beneficent individual or a small number of individuals may place the highest value on group success and contribute the most to achieving it while...

Most of today’s organizations are still far from profiting from the full potential of web service technology. Organizations invoke each other’s web services, but do hardly synchronize the life cycles of individual web services with each other. When realizing an integrated service this might cause failures and requires a governance method for synchronizing the life cycles among organizations. In...

We develop a tractable model of banks' liquidity management with an over‐the‐counter interbank market to study the credit channel monetary policy. Deposits circulate randomly across banks and must be settled reserves. show how policy affects banking system by altering trade‐off between profiting from lending incurring greater risk. present two applications theory, one involving connection imple...

The novel diacetylene bridged terphenylic macrocycle 1 is presented and discussed in the context of rotationally restricted Gelander oligomers. 1,4-bis(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl) benzene bridge significantly longer than its terphenyl backbone, forcing to bend around central pylon. synthesis molecule based a large extent on acetylene scaffolding strategies, profiting from orthogonal alkyne protec...

COVID-19 misinformation became accessible and profitable through social media platforms, such as YouTube. Here we investigate if Brazilian YouTube channels previously identified vaccine spreaders would also misinform their audience about COVID-19. Our analysis sample consists of 6 months content (3,318 videos) from 50 channels. We establish a protocol to classify the types spread by creators, d...

The use of written language in the primary school English classroom has been subject to a long standing debate among foreign teachers as well researchers. Arguments range from fear overtaxing young learners on con side learners’ desire and capability coping with reading writing pro side. Current research shows evidence towards profiting an early introduction English. This chapter outlines histo...