background: the aim of this study was optimization of the polyfect gene delivery method of pcdna3.1 expression vector transfected with the mouse pdx-1 gene in three different kinds of mesenchymal stem cells and hepa cells as well as comparison of transfection efficiency leading to expression of the mentioned gene in the cell types used. materials and methods: rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal...

cryptosporidium species are one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal infection in humans around the world. this study has aimed to investigate the hyper variable region of the 18s rrna gene in cryptosporidium for exact parasite identification . dna was extracted from 26 fecal samples from which initially cryptosporidium oocysts were identified by ziehl-neelsen acid-fast , auramine phen...

Introduction: Microglia, small glial cells, i.e. mesodermal in origin and found in the brain and spinal cord, play a key role in the maintenance of neurons and immune defense. Haloperidol, an antipsychotic drug, is used to treat numerous neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Its mechanism is not understood; however, haloperidol may result in Wnt signaling pathway activation. This study ...

Introduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the complex neuropsychiatric conditions. This disorder disables individuals in many different aspects of their personal and social life. Interactome analysis may provide a better understanding of this disorder’s molecular origin and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In this study, the OCD-associated genes were extracted from the lit...

As international relations develop into a network-like arena, new public diplomacy receives more attention, both in research and in practice. At the same time, with the increasing role of non-state actors in international relations, their significant roles and functions have come under substantial scientific analysis. While companies engage in business abroad,  unintended results may emerge, af...

Abstract Background and Aims: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease that affects many species of birds and causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide and the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains varies with different virulence. We aim to detect lentogenic (low virulence) ND virus (ND/IR 2010) using sentinel birds and molecular det...

idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (ihh) is a condition caused by low doses of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) leading to absence or incomplete sexual maturation. one of the disorders leading to ihh is kallmann syndrome which is characterized by gnrh deficiency with anosmia or hyposmia. this disorder generally occurs as a hereditary syndrome with x-linked recessive inhe...