Some languages have a fixed subject position, while others are more flexible. Languages like English require pre-verbal subjects; Spanish allow subjects in postverbal position. Because this difference clusters with several linguistic properties distinguishing the two languages, and been perennial issue theory, touching central problems EPP, nature of cross-linguistic variation, relationship bet...

Sindh is a multilingual province in Pakistan where politics of language and clash ideologies have played significant role. English viewed as power, Urdu generally considered symbol national cohesion Pakistan. In both these languages are used official educational domains Sindh’s ecology, occupies an important position. addition to two languages, Sindhi widely spoken associated with regional ethn...

Rich verbal inflection has been argued (a) to license pro-drop (e.g. Safir 1985); (b) to be connected to overt Verb-second (Platzack & Holmberg 1989; van Gelderen 1993; Roberts 1996); and (c) to activate the AGR(eement) and T(ense) positions (Bobaljik & Jonas 1996). The connections in (b) and (c) follow if one assumes that the relationship between morphology and syntax is a direct one: elements...

The notion of language dominance is often defined in terms of proficiency. We distinguish dominance, as a property of the bilingual mind and a concept of language knowledge, from proficiency, as a concept of language use. We discuss ways in which language dominance may be assessed, with a focus on measures of mean length of utterance (MLU). Comparison of MLU in the child’s 2 languages is subjec...

1 Introduction As parsing models and linguistic theories have broad ened to encorapass a wider range of non-English languages , a particularly uscfifl "stress test" is to buikl a single theory/parser pair that can work for multiple languages , in the best case with minor variation, perhaps restricted to the lexicon. This paper reports on the re-suits of just such a test applied to a fully opera...

In this paper we introduce a reference along a null curve in an n-dimensional Lorentzian space with the minimun number of curvatures. That reference generalizes the reference of Bonnor for null curves in Minkowski space-time and it is called the Cartan frame of the curve. The associated curvature functions are called the Cartan curvatures of the curve. We characterize the null helices (that is,...