Inducible defences are widely used for studying phenotypic plasticity, yet frequently we know little about the cues that induce these defences. For aquatic prey, defences are induced by chemical cues from predators (kairomones) and injured prey (alarm cues). Rarely has anyone determined the separate and combined effects of these cues, particularly across phylogenetically diverse prey types. We ...

background: linguatula serrata is one of well known members of pentastomida which infects both human and animals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of l. serrata in mesenteric lymph nodes, livers and lungs of camels slaughtered in tabriz area, iran. methods: mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns), livers and lungs of 140 one-humped camels slaughtered in tabriz , north-west of iran wer...

Diet of adult pikeperch Sander lucioperca, Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis, northern pike Esox lucius and European catfish Silurus glanis as top predators in aquatic ecosystems in Serbia was investigated during 2011, in order to understand their relationship to their prey and to investigate their food consumption, feeding and assimilation rate, cannibalism, and habitat segregation. Northern pi...

The aim of this study was to assess the ecological factors associated with feeding by Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Hormuzgan Province, Iran. Specimens were collected seasonally from Sep. 2014–Sep. 2015 from the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from landing areas in the city of Bandar Abbas. A total of 577 cobia were collected (340 male, 237 female) (20–161 cm Total length). Our result...

nutritional indices of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) larvae, an economic insect pest of agricultural crops in the world, were studied on five corn hybrids (sc700, sc704, sc500, dc370 and sc260) when incorporated into artificial diets under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °c, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (l: d) h. the highest values of consumption index (ci) and relativ...