Proteinuria in a single urine specimen is relatively common in children, with a reported prevalence between 1%-10% (Hogg et al 2000; K/DOQI guidelines, Guideline1, Part 4). However, persistent proteinuria is much less common, with one American study of nearly 9000 school children reporting proteinuria in 1 out of 4 samples in 10.7% of children, but proteinuria in all 4 samples in only 0.1% (Veh...

BACKGROUND Although obesity is increasing worldwide and becoming a major public health problem, some countries report a trend toward stabilization. We investigated prevalence trends in overweight/obesity and obesity among Korean adults during a 12-year period. METHODS This study was based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) I (1998), II (2001), III (2005),...

In this study, the authors assessed men's and women's partner and parent physical aggression among 453 representatively sampled families with young children. The prevalences of partner aggression and of severe parent aggression were higher than previously reported. Substantial rates of co-occurrence were found. Risk ratios and regression analyses indicated that connections between (a) husbands'...

BACKGROUND Given the low prevalence of and racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening, it is important to monitor whether prevalence and disparities are increasing or decreasing over time. METHODS We estimated the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening by year (2001, 2003, and 2005), modality (endoscopy, fecal occult blood test, either), and recency (ever had, up-to-date) for...

This study investigated the impact of employing differing diagnostic thresholds on clinical caries data in studies of groups with low caries prevalence. Data from clinical examinations of 287 Hong Kong dental students were analyzed by means of the CARIES microcomputer software package. This software allows for re-calculation of raw data according to three different diagnostic thresholds (D3, D2...

Adequate control of comorbidity has long been recognized as a critical challenge in clinical epidemiology. Comorbidity scales reduce information about coexistent disease to a single index that is easy to comprehend and statistically efficient. These are the main advantages of an index over incorporating each disease into an analysis as an individual variable. Many study populations have a low p...

Bulk milk samples from 220 dairy herds were collected at 9 public milk collection centres in the northeastern and northern Thailand, and a subset of 11 herds was selected for individual testing. The samples were tested for presence of antibodies to BVDV and BHV-1 using an indirect ELISA. The results from the bulk milk testing demonstrated a moderate level of exposure to BVDV and BHV-1 (73% and ...

In visual search tasks, observers look for targets in displays containing distractors. Likelihood that targets will be missed varies with target prevalence, the frequency with which targets are presented across trials. Miss error rates are much higher at low target prevalence (1%-2%) than at high prevalence (50%). Unfortunately, low prevalence is characteristic of important search tasks such as...

Asthma is a heterogeneous outcome and how the condition should be measured to best capture clinically relevant disease in epidemiologic studies remains unclear. We compared three methods of measuring asthma in the Danish National Birth Cohort (n>50.000). When the children were 7 years old, the prevalence of asthma was estimated from a self-administered questionnaire using parental report of doc...

Mercury is a toxic metal and is used in small scale gold mining. In Portovelo, Ecuador, mercury has been an environmental and health problem for decades. The target of this study was to assess the mercury concentration in the urine of miners from Portovelo/Zaruma to establish a prevalence of high values. Eight hundred and sixty-five (865) urine samples were collected and analysed for their merc...