Salinity gradient power (SGP) systems have strong potential to generate sustainable clean electricity for 24 hours. Here, we introduce a solid-salt pressureretarded osmosis (PRO) system using crystal salt powders rather than seawater. Solid salts have advantages such as a small storage volume, controllable solubility, high Gibbs dissolution energy, and a single type of water intake, low pretrea...

In recent years, membrane technology has been widely used in wastewater treatment and water purification. Membrane technology is simple to operate and produces very high quality water for human consumption and industrial purposes. One of the promising technologies for water and wastewater treatment is the application of forward osmosis. Essentially, forward osmosis is a process in which water i...

Seawater reverse osmosis desalination (SWRO) requires less energy compared with the distillation method and thus is an important technology except Middle Eastern countries whereenergy costs are higher. Recently, even Middle Eastern countries where the distillation method is still a major technology, have begun adopting the RO method in new desalinationplants in line with government ...

A new mathematical model was developed to predict the cylindrical effect of membrane performance in pressure retarded osmosis process. The transport layers (the draw side boundary and porous membrane) were divided into very thin sublayers with constant mass parameters, among others a radius every sublayer. obtained second-order differential balance equations solved analytically, parameters writ...