54 LLE Review, Volume 10

Abstract In city gas pressure reducing stations, in order not to hydrate natural after a sudden drop pressure, the temperature is raised by heater. The increase such that drop, inside pipes does freeze. These heaters are burning and very high consumption, because they use fossil fuels, produce environmental pollution. Accordingly, this research, solar energy will be used preheat gas, which for ...

LLE Review, Volume 134 112 Introduction Two-plasmon decay1–6 (TPD) is a three-wave–decay instability in which an electromagnetic (EM) wave parametrically decays into two longitudinal (Langmuir) waves. Experimentally, signatures of TPD have been observed in the ionosphere7 and in laser–plasma interaction experiments.8,9 In the context of laser fusion, TPD has been identified in both the indirect...

LLE Review, Volume 74 113 Laser–plasma instabilities1 are important in the field of inertial confinement fusion2 because they scatter laser light away from the target, which reduces the laser energy available to drive the compression of the nuclear fuel, or generate energetic electrons that preheat the fuel, which makes the fuel harder to compress. In stimulated Raman scattering an incident, or...

Nishida, S. (Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan), and G. Nakagawara. Isolation of toxigenic strains of Clostridium novyi from soil. J. Bacteriol. 88:1636-1640. 1964.-The cultural conditions for toxin production by Clostridium novyi were investigated, and the optimal constituents of a proper medium were determined. A comparison of the value of this medium with other media in regard to toxin pr...

The Nike KrF laser, with its very uniform focal distributions, has been used at intensities near 1014 W/cm2 to launch shock waves in polystyrene targets. The rear surface visible light emission differed between clear CH targets and targets with a thin (125 nm) Al coating on the rear side. The uncoated CH targets showed a relatively slowly rising emission followed by a sudden fall when the shock...

Fouling of the inside of tubes in crude oil preheat systems increases pressure drop and pumping costs. In this paper, a method is proposed for optimizing crude oil velocity to reduce fouling of the heat exchanger tubes thereby maintaining heat transfer rates and reducing pressure drop. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to describe and optimize the interactions between heat transfer, p...

A computer model for prediction and analysis of an oil-flooded single screw compressor performance is developed. The model includes suction preheat, pressuri ~~.tion of the gas in the control volume during the suction closure process, flowage of gas and oil mixture through discharge port, leakage of gas and oil. It considers the effect of oil-injection rate, clearances and length of leaka~e pat...

Submerged arc welding is used widely in oil and gas industry construction for storage tanks, pressure vessels, shipbuilding and etc. One of the processes of submerged arc welding is back gouging operations. This paper presents a way to remove the back gouging operation from the submerged arc welding process. For this purpose, effects of submerged arc welding parameters onA516-70steel sample wer...

The Propose of this paper is to introduce a new model for crude oil fouling in preheat trains of crude distillation unit. The experimental results of Australian light crude oil with the tube side surface temperatures between 200-260 oC and fluid velocity ranged 0.25 to 0.4m/s were used. The activation energy of chemical reaction depends on the surface temperature has been calcula...