Background: Embryo transfer is one of the most commonly used reproductive biotechnique. The success embryo also affected by synchrony estrus and ovulation between donor recipient animals. In horse reproduction, ultrasonography has been used, among other purposes, to diagnose early pregnancy. However, only color Doppler imaging mode makes it possible evaluate vascular architecture hemodynamic as...

The length of gestation in Carthusian broodmares was calculated on the basis of 339 spontaneous full-term deliveries taking place in the 8-year period 1998-2005 from 158 broodmares and 29 stallions in a major farm of Spanish horses of Carthusian strain in southern Spain. Ultrasonography was used to determine follicular dehiscence, 1st day of pregnancy and to confirm conception in mares. Mean GL...

Short-term patterns of growth hormone (GH) secretion and factors affecting it were studied in mares and stallions. In Exp. 1, hourly blood samples were collected from three mares and three stallions in summer and winter. Although GH concentrations varied in a pulsatile manner in all horses, there was no effect of sex or season (P greater than .1) on plasma GH concentrations and no indication of...

arteritis virus (EAV). EAV infected horses show various clinical sings such as pyrexia, edema of the legs, conjunctivitis, and diarrhea. Abortion occurs in pregnant mares infected with EAV, at a rate of approximately 50% during field epizootics. In the breeding areas, abortion is the most significant manifestation of EVA, however the pathogenesis is not well understood. The purpose of this stud...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of the Arab mares in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS Managers of 26 studfarms containing 1014 Arab mares at five districts were asked to complete a questionnaire on the reproductive efficiency of their mares. RESULTS The mean age at first mating was 3.06 ± 0.5 years. Mares were mated equally in winter an...

Studies were conducted to compare continuous vs pulsatile i.v. infusion of GnRH on serum gonadotropin concentrations and ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares and in cycling mares. Anestrous mares (Exp. 1) received no treatment (control; n = 3), 2, or 20 micrograms of GnRH/h continuous infusion (CI) (n = 4 and n = 6, respectively), or 20 micrograms of GnRH/h pulsatile infusion (PI) (n = 5). A...

The aim of the present study was to investigate and show the differences in blood parameters related with age and sex of Žemaitukai horse breed in Lithuania. According to the blood parameters, they may be assigned to a particular blood type. Haematological parameters [(red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocytes (LYM), platelet (P...

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine pH and the concentrations Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Chloride (Cl-), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+) (Ca2+) in mammary gland secretion pre-foaling Mangalarga Marchador (MM) mares best method predict parturition breed. Forty-two pregnant MM were evaluated once daily from 310 days gestation until parturition. Mammary pH, measured by meter ...

There are limited data on age-related changes in body composition or skeletal muscle in the horse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate any differences in muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) and body composition associated with aging. Twenty-three young (4-8 years) and eight old (20+ years) unfit Standardbred mares were evaluated. Rump fat thickness was measured using B-mode ultr...

Uterine and placental infections are the leading cause of abortion, stillbirth, and preterm delivery in the mare. Whereas uterine and placental infections in women have been studied extensively, a comprehensive examination of the pathogenic processes leading to this unsatisfactory pregnancy outcome in the mare has yet to be completed. Most information in the literature relating to late-term pre...