The most widely employed industrial process for producing alumina (Bayer process) involves the dissolution of available aluminium hydroxide minerals present in raw bauxite into high temperature sodium hydroxide solutions. On cooling of the solution, or liquor in the industrial vernacular, Al is precipitated from solution in the form of gibbsite (Al(OH)3). In order to optimise the process, a det...

liquor amnii is derived. This is no new subject of debate. An extended account of the various views regarding it was given by Martin Schurig in his Evibryologia Historico-medica in 1732. Ere that date it had already been discussed whether the fluid was of maternal or foetal origin, and, in the latter case, whether it was produced by the kidneys, the skin, the brain, the eyes, the mouth, or the ...

Introduction In November 2011, Washington State voters passed Initiative 1183 (I-1183) which closed state-owned and contracted liquor stores and opened the market for “hard liquor” sales in the private sector. The change in law was implemented on June 1, 2012. Increases in alcoholrelated ED visits were postulated as one potential impact if there was increased alcohol use or excessive consumptio...

Black liquor (BL) can be regarded as the energy and alkali resource of the pulping mill. In this work, the effects of the characteristics of black liquor derived from the alkali-oxygen pulping of rice straw were studied. Through analyses of the chemical and physical properties, especially the thermodynamics properties, which depend on suspended matter and alkalinity, it was shown that the remov...

An artificial rumen for the study of nutrient digestion by the micro-organisms of the rumen was initially developed by Louw, Williams & Maynard (1949). In this, the micro-organisms were contained in a semi-permeable dialysis sac and the diffusible products of digestion removed by a salt solution, the composition of which approximated to that of saliva and which flowed continuously past the outs...

The design of a black liquor gasification/combined cycle (BLGCC) power/recovery system requires the selection of a specific gas turbine. There are many different models from which to choose, but with only a fixed set of output ranges that are determined primarily by original design decisions relating to aircraft applications. A perfect match between the fuel requirement of a gas turbine and the...

Copyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South African Licence. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za Condition of use: The user may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognise the authors and the South African Journal of Animal Science. _________________________________________________________________________________...

BACKGROUND Moderate intake of alcohol has been reported to have beneficial effects on bone. However, different classes of alcoholic beverages have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the association between intake of total alcohol or individual alcoholic beverages and bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN Adjusting for potential confounding factors, we examined alcohol in...

Copyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South African Licence. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/za Condition of use: The user may copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the work, but must recognise the authors and the South African Journal of Animal Science. _________________________________________________________________________________...

We examined the relationship between consumption of specific alcoholic beverages, including wine, beer, and liquor, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer using data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based prospective study of 61,084 women ages 38 to 76 years at enrollment in 1987 to 1990. Information on consumption of alcoholic beverages was obtained through a mailed food freque...