The purpose of this research work was to investigate the optimum operating conditions for biodiesel production from castor oil using a microwave. The Box–Behnken design of experiment was carried out using the Design Expert 7. A response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the influence of the process variables (molar ratio of methanol to castor oil, catalyst concentration, reaction ti...

anodic aluminum oxide (aao) fabricated by two step anodization technique, is used as a template to synthesize feco nanowire arrays by ac electrodeposition technique. response surface methodology (rsm) is applied to design the experiments, fit an empirical model and optimize the conditions to achieve the best magnetic properties. the magnetic properties, pore dimensions, composition and structur...

Terahertz (THz) communication has been regarded as one promising technology to enhance the transmission capacity of future Internet-of-Things (IoT) users due its ultrawide bandwidth. Nonetheless, major obstacle that prevents actual deployment THz lies in inherent huge attenuation. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) represent two effective solutions fo...

This paper presents a robust fractional order controller for flexible-joint electrically driven robots under imperfect transformation of control space. The proposed approach is free from manipulator dynamics, thus free from problems associated with torque control strategy in the design and implementation. As a result, the proposed controller is simple, fast response and superior to the torque c...

This paper presents a robust fractional order controller for flexible-joint electrically driven robots under imperfect transformation of control space. The proposed approach is free from manipulator dynamics, thus free from problems associated with torque control strategy in the design and implementation. As a result, the proposed controller is simple, fast response and superior to the torque c...

formaldehyde in small quantities is commonly analyzed by spectrophotometric methods. one of the most-commonly used spectrophotometric techniques for this purpose is based on the reaction with chromotropic acid. because of its simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity and its low cost, it is still widely used. investigations for replacing the concentrated sulfuric acid with other acids or using more ...

a box-behnken design with three replicates was used for preparation and evaluation of eudragit vancomycin (vcm) nanoparticles prepared by double emulsion. the purpose of this work was to optimize vcm nanoparticles to improve the physicochemical properties. nanoparticles were formed by using w1/o/w2 double-emulsion solvent evaporation method using eudragit rs as a retardant material. full factor...

a rhamnolipid–type biosurfactant production by pseudomonas aeruginosa mm1011 was studied in a miniaturized shaken bioreactor. the operational parameters, affecting the biosurfactant production in shaken bioreactors, such as shaking frequency (200, 250, 300 rpm), filling volume (50, 75, 100 ml), and aeration rate (0.2, 0.6, 1 vvm), were optimized using response surface methodology. the optimizat...

environmental pollution by 2,4-dicholorphenol (2,4-dcp), commonly found in industrial wastewater has been a concern for humans over the past 50 years. garden radish peroxidase (grp) can eliminate this poisonous pollutant. the aim of this study was to apply an experimental response surface methodology (rsm) and central composite design (ccd) to optimize grp-based treatment in order to maximize ...

in this study fullerene functionalized using oleum (h2so4·so3), followed by the hydrolysis of the intermediate cyclosulfated fullerene as well as  an oxidizing agent was employed to functionalize the fullerenes. ruthenium was then added by the impregnation method or deposited on the functionalized fullerene. subsequent to this step, response surface methodology (rsm) was used to study the cumul...