There are many reasons for this change in perceptions. The obvious one is that the East has disappeared. The massive expenditures on armaments, militaries, nuclear deterrence, strategic aid and proxy wars in the third-world and to anti-communist counterinsurgencies are a matter of history. The US declared victory as the sole remaining superpower, and the Second World dissolved into a few lucky ...

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this background paper do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines ...

I claim in this article that several operators in different positions interact to yield the meaning of a nur sentence in German which may receive an evaluative interpretation such as Paul aß nur Kekse ʻPaul only ate cookies (and the speaker considers this little and/or bad)ʼ. The exclusive component of meaning comes from an adverbial particle as in the standard account. For the evaluative compo...

Equality constraints (unification constraints) have widespread use in program analysis, most notably in static polymorphic type systems. Conditional equality constraints extend equality constraints with a weak form of subtyping to allow for more accurate analyses. We give a complete complexity characterization of the various entailment problems for conditional equality constraints. Additionally...

Equality constraints (unification constraints) have widespread use in program analysis, most notably in static polymorphic type systems. Conditional equality constraints extend equality constraints with a weak form of subtyping to allow for more accurate analyses. We give a complete complexity characterization of the various entailment problems for conditional equality constraints and for a nat...

Equality algebras has recently been introduced. A subclass of equality algebras, called equivalential equality algebras is closely related to BCK-algebras with meet. We show that the variety of equality algebras has nice properties: We shall investigate their congruences and filters and prove that the variety of equality algebras is a 1-regular, arithmetic variety.

One important facet of common-sense reason­ ing is the ability to draw default conclusions about the state of the world. Such an abil­ ity enables one to assume, for example, that a given bird flies in the absence of information to the contrary. One drawback of the circum­ scriptive approach to common-sense reasoning has been its inability to produce default con­ clusions about equality. For ex...