One of the paradoxes history is that it took Africa's contact with Arab world to make Black people Africa realize they were black in description, but not necessarily status … On other hand, European conceptualization and cartography turn into a continent. Ali A. Mazrui, “The Re-invention Africa: Edward Said, V. Y. Mudimbe, Beyond,” Research African Literatures 36/3 (2005), 68–82, at 70 Historia...

This paper examines the history of forest restoration in India. While contemporary literature often emphasizes novelty programmes as exemplified large-scale global pledges such Bonn Challenge or Trillion Trees initiative, we show that has thousands years Furthermore, this plays an important role shaping current efforts, ways undermine goals. We find four themes history: definitions forests chan...

Abstract Why do Igbo nationalists subscribe to the view that Igbos are one of Lost Tribes Israel and thus descend from Jewish people despite evidence against such genealogical cultural ties? This problematic is largely underexplored in copious literature on ethnonationalist agitations Nigeria. Drawing ontological security theory, I contend employ analogy Jewishness posit as a unique ethnoreligi...

In southern Africa, as elsewhere, the tendency of Iron Age (AD 200–1900) researchers has been to focus on more prominent places landscape, especially those believed by pioneering archaeo...

Discrimination according to gender has been in practice communities globally since time immemorial. This discrimination infiltrated all spheres of life including the naming, shaming, blaming, and persecution deviant people as witches. The phenomenon witchcraft historically negatively skewed towards women, with women's sexual diversity being used against them accusations witchcraft. In some mode...

Aims: The paper aims at providing an exhaustive overview of studies small-scale multilingualism, a type language ecology typical of—but not exclusive to—indigenous communities with small numbers speakers. We identify the similarities and differences among situations such which lay foundations for future typology this kind ecology. Approach data: outline importance ideologies multilingualism in ...