abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

روش عددی fast multipole method) fmm) یکی از 10 الگوریتم برتر قرن بیستم شمرده شده است که برای محاسبه ی سریع میدانهای پتانسیل و نیرو در سیستمی شامل تعداد زیادی ذره استفاده شده است. این روش را برای حل معادله هلمهولتز هم به کار برده اند. با استفاده از این روش پیچیدگی محاسبه از مرتبه(o(n2 در روش مستقیم به مرتبه(o(nlogn کاهش می یابد. معادله هلمهولتز و معادله های شبیه آن مانند معادله لاپلاس و معادله م...

according to research, academic self-concept and academic achievement are mutually interdependent. in the present study, the aim was to determine the relationship between the academic self-concept and the academic achievement of students in english as a foreign language and general subjects. the participants were 320 students studying in 4th grade of high school in three cities of noor, nowshah...

the present study investigated construct equivalence of multiple choice (mc) and constructed response (cr) item types across stem and content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘a’), non-stem-equivalent but content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘b’), and non-stem and non-content equivalent mc and cr items (item type ‘c’). one hundred seventy english-major undergraduates completed mc ...

آنتن های زیادی با سطح مقطع استوانه ای وجود دارند که در کنار یا روی آنها تعدادی عنصر تابنده با طول محدود وجود دارند. این ساختارهای تقریبا استوانه ای را می توان با روش ‏‏‎s2ds(spectrum of two dimensional solutions)‎‏ تحلیل نمود. به این ترتیب که با استفاده از تبدیل فوریه نسبت به محور استوانه (محور ‏‎z‎‏ )، مسئله الکترومغناطیس سه بعدی اینگونه آنتن ها را می توان بصورت عکس مسائل دو بعدی با تغییرات ها...

‏‎applications such as high definition viedeo reproduction, portable computers, wireless, and multimedia demand, and ever-increasing need for ligh-frequency high-resolution and low-power analog-to-digital converters. flash, two-step flash, and pipeline convertors are fast but consume large amount of power and require large area. to overcome these problems, successive approximation converter blo...

the space now known as complete erdos space ec was introduced by paul erdos in 1940 as the closed subspace of the hilbert space ?2 consisting of all vectors such that every coordinate is in the convergent sequence {0} ? { 1 n : n ? n}. in a solution to a problem posed by lex g. oversteegen we present simple and useful topological characterizations of ec. as an application we determine the ...

there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

tourism , today as one of the ways to make money, create jobs , and social and political interactions is considered. this paper aims to examine the strengths and weaknesses of tourism development in mahmoud abad ( mazandaran ). the research method in this study is " descriptive - analytical " and to collection of data used field methods such as questionnaires and documentation - library. the sa...