Proteasomes (proteinase complexes, PR) and immunoproteasomes (IPR) degrade damaged proteins and affect protein processing required for antigen presentation by mononuclear phagocytes. These critical immune processes are attenuated during progressive HIV-1 infection and are affected by alcohol abuse. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these functional changes, we measured PR and CYP2E1 acti...

Chiral Schiff bases (1H to 4H) and a series of their Group 4 metal alkoxide complexes [(R-1)2Ti(O(i)Pr)2, (R-2)2Ti(O(i)Pr)2, (R-1)(2)Zr(O(i)Pr)2, (R-2)2Zr(O(i)Pr)2, (R-3)2Zr(O(i)Pr)2, (R-4)2Zr(O(i)Pr)2, (S-1)2Zr(O(i)Pr)2 and (rac-1)2Zr(O(i)Pr)2] have been prepared and characterised by 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In solution, both Lambda and Delta isomers were observed, suggesting a low degree...

The effects of replacing Pr by Lu on the magnetic behaviour and structures of Pr(1-x)Lu(x)Mn(2)Ge(2) (x = 0.2,x = 0.4) have been investigated using x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetization and neutron diffraction measurements. The substitution of Lu for Pr leads to a decrease in the lattice constants a, c and the unit cell volume V at room temperature with this contraction of th...

The reheating process for the inflationary scenario is investigated phenomenologically. The decay of the oscillating massive inflaton field into light bosons is modeled after an out of equilibrium mixture of interacting fluids within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Self-consistent, analytic results for the evolution of the main macroscopic magnitudes like temperature and particle ...

We obtain an improvement of some coloring theorems from [1], [6], and [2] for the case where the singular cardinal in question has countable cofinality. As a corollary, we obtain an “idealized” version of the combinatorial principle Pr1(μ, μ+, μ+, cf(μ)) that maximizes the indecomposability of the associated ideal.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease pertained to the human immune system. Given its crucial role in viral replication, HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) is a prime therapeutic target in AIDS therapy. In this regard, the dynamic aspects of ligand-enzyme interactions may indicate an important role of conformational variability in HIV-1 PR inhi...

Coactivators, such as steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1A) and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein)-binding protein (CBP), are required for efficient steroid receptor transactivation. Using an in vitro transcription assay, we found that progesterone receptor (PR)-driven transcription is inhibited by a dominant negative PR ligand-binding domain-interacting region of SRC-1A, indicating...

The report on “Pityriasis rosea (PR) in chronic hepatitis C” is very interesting (1). Güner et al. (1) noted that this is “the first case of PR found in a patient with chronic hepatitis C while receiving Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha 2b and ribavirin.” In fact, the cause of the existence of PR in hepatitis C is an interesting issue. Recurrence of hepatitis C following existence of PR is ...

To examine how small structural changes influence the reactivity and magnetic properties of biologically relevant metal complexes, the reactivity and magnetic properties of two structurally related five-coordinate Fe(III) thiolate compounds are compared. (Et,Pr)-ligated [Fe(III)(S(2)(Me2)N(3)(Et,Pr))]PF(6) (3) is synthesized via the abstraction of a sulfur from alkyl persulfide ligated [Fe(III)...

The performance of the adaptive projection receiver (PR), a recently proposed joint detector for CDMA with error control coding, is investigated. It is shown that the adaptive version of the PR performs better than the algebraic PR as well as the modi ed PR. A close approximation of the error probability for the adaptive PR is derived. The performance improvement of the adaptive PR, which is of...