A recent evaluation of the accuracy of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) primary frequency standard NPL-CsF1 by K Szymaniec et al (2005 Metrologia 42 49–57) reported an overall frequency uncertainty of δν/ν0 = 1 × 10−15. This stated uncertainty includes a correction of a frequency bias of δν/ν0 = 8 × 10−16 ± 3 × 10−16 attributed by the authors to microwave leakage. We believe that the stat...

We demonstrate four wave mixing (FWM) based wavelength conversion of 40 Gbaud differential phase shift keyed (DPSK) and quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) signals in a 2.5 cm long silicon germanium waveguide. For a 290 mW pump power, bit error ratio (BER) measurements show approximately a 2-dB power penalty in both cases of DPSK (measured at a BER of 10(-9)) and QPSK (at a BER of 10(-3)) signa...

Background In patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) is the first-line diagnostic approach to exclude endometrial pathology. If a thickened endometrium suggests endometrial pathology, sonohysterography, office hysteroscopy or dilatation and curettage are the second-line tests preferred, depending on availability and on the suspected pathology, to exclude malignan...

A novel power-efficient IC test scheme is proposed, containing parallel test application (PTA) architecture and its procedure. PTA parallelizes the stimuli assignments and the vectors can be observed immediately once applied, which assures the shift safety timely and hence only logic test is required. The procedure contains two phases for each pattern. In shift phase, each clock chain is activa...

This paper is focusing on development of ZigBee transceiver at physical layer using IEEE 802.15.4. ZigBee technology was developed for a wireless personal area networks (PAN), aimed at control and military applications with low data rate and low power consumption. ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. First, the low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed ...

Raman spectra of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are studied as a function of laser excitation power and temperature. With increase in temperature and power a red-shift of the SiNWs first order optical mode is observed. At ambient conditions, the Raman shift shows a saturated behavior beyond a critical power. Similar measurements, under vacuum, rule out effects due to thermal convection as a reason f...

In this paper Power system stability enhancement through static synchronous compensator (STATCOM)based controller is investigated. The potential of the STATCOM supplementary controllers to enhance thedynamic stability is evaluated. The design problem of STATCOM based damping controller is formulatedas an optimization problem according to the eigenvalue based objective function that is solved by...

Nowadays there are different kinds of attacks on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). As FPGAs are used in many different applications, its security becomes an important concern, especially in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Hardware Trojan Horse (HTH) insertion is one of the major security threats that can be implemented in unused space of the FPGA. This unused space is unavoidable to ...

A standard model of nonlinear combiner generator for stream cipher system combines the outputs of several independent Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) sequences using a nonlinear Boolean function to produce the key stream. Given such a model, cryptanalytic attacks have been proposed by finding the sparse multiples of the connection polynomials corresponding to the LFSRs. In this direction ...

in this paper, a novel compensator based on magnetically controlled reactor with fixed capacitor banks (fc-mcr) is introduced and then power system stability in presence of this compensator is studied using an intelligent control method. the problem of robust fc-mcr-based damping controller design is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. the multi-objective problem is concocted ...