Computational fluid dynamics simulations are employed to assess the effect of adding a vertical baffle at the feed section of a full-scale edimentation tank for the improvement of solids settling in potable water treatment. A general CFD-based simulation strategy is developed based n the specific features and conditions met in practice for potable water treatment. The linearity of the particle ...

The occurrence of extreme events can challenge the capacity of water utilities to deliver potable water of sufficient quality with respect to minimising health risks to consumers. As a consequence, proactive risk-assessment and decision support tools are necessary to assist in managing and mitigating such critical events effectively. However, the utility of these tools can be limited due to the...

background: natural organic compounds are known as precursors in the formation of disinfection byproducts. the aim of this study was to evaluate of effect of modified cationic surfactant nano zeolite in the removal of humic acid (ha) from water. materials and methods: nano zeolite (clinoptilolite) was modified by cationic surfactant solution hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (hdtma-br), in dos...

BACKGROUND Recurrent legionella outbreaks at one and the same location are common. We have identified a single Legionella pneumophila genotype associated with recurrent Legionella outbreaks over 6 years. METHODS Field emergency surveys following Legionella outbreaks were performed on a vessel in 2008, 2009 and 2013. Water samples from both the distribution and technical parts of the potable w...

Introduction There is growing environmental concern regarding the health impact of trace levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment. PPCPs and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) detected in surface and drinking waters, as well as in treated wastewater, are an issue of increasing international attention due to potential environmental impacts.1,2 These comp...

The WHO suggests that humans require an absolute minimum of 7.5 L of water per day, while a minimum of about 20 L of water per person per day is recommended to ensure adequate hygienic standards. With a population of 7.5 billion, this works out to 150 billion litres of safe freshwater daily, globally. Much more than this is generally consumed in developed nations, while less than adequate amoun...

Depletion of water supplies for potable and irrigation use is a major problem in the rural wadi valleys of Saudi Arabia and other areas of the Middle East and North Africa. An economic analysis of supplying these villages with either desalinated seawater or treated wastewater conveyed via a managed aquifer recharge (MAR) system was conducted. In many cases, there are no local sources of water s...

Inhalation of potable water presents a potential route of exposure to opportunistic pathogens and hence warrants significant public health concern. This study used qPCR to detect opportunistic pathogens Legionella spp., L. pneumophila and MAC at multiple points along two potable water distribution pipelines. One used chlorine disinfection and the other chloramine disinfection. Samples were coll...

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that all people should have consistent access to an appropriately nutritious diet of food and water, coupled with a sanitary environment, adequate health services, and care that ensure a healthy and active life for all household members. The Academy supports policies, systems, programs, and practices that work with developing nations ...

The last chapter elucidated the experimental setup and the factors influencing each unit of the large-scale seawater desalination process, with the reverse osmosis. This chapter deals with subjects such as the modeling of each unit of Sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO), the integration of these models to form an entire plant, and the future direction of the statistical modeling of the SWRO proces...