BACKGROUND The contamination of processed or unprocessed drinking water by fecal coliform bacteria has been reported worldwide. Despite a high incidence of waterborne diseases, entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an underacknowledged pathogen of concern to public health in India. Although the presence of EHEC is recorded in surface water resources of India, drinking water sources are ...

This report presents a novel Advanced Multi-Effect Distillation (AMED) method that can enable the production of substantial quantities of low-cost desalinated water using waste heat from high temperature reactors (HTRs). Conventional MED systems can currently compete with reverse osmosis desalination in areas where energy costs are relatively low, such as the Middle East. Because AMED can perfo...

BACKGROUND Safe drinking water is critical for health. Household water treatment (HWT) has been recommended for improving access to potable water where existing sources are unsafe. Reports of low adherence to HWT may limit the usefulness of this approach, however. METHODS AND FINDINGS We constructed a quantitative microbial risk model to predict gains in health attributable to water quality i...

background: the goal of this study was to survey the total residual chlorine and chloroform in the water distribution system of isfahan, iran, and zoning of obtained results using gis. methods: in this cross-sectional study, total residual chlorine was tested in the sampling points of the water distribution system of isfahan and chloroform was measured with standard methods and after transferri...

Since less than 1 percent of world waters are potable, minimizing water consumption is a significant issue. The aim of this study is to present a suitable algorithm for optimization of water consumption in water pinch analysis. In this regard, the results of computer algorithm are verified by the results of previous studies. As a case study, dissolved solid pollutants are taken into considerati...

The Umgeni Water Wiggins water treatment plant feeds the southern areas of Durban in South Africa and has a maximum treatment capacity of about 350 Ml/d. Two interconnected reservoirs at this facility hold treated water before it enters the distribution network. Because of the variable demand, the reservoir levels and residence times undergo considerable variation. This has a strong influence o...

Samples of drinking water from different sources in greater Cairo, Egypt, and bottled drinking water were tested for total coliform, fecal coliform, and coliphage populations. Of the 147 samples tested, 4 samples were positive for both total coliforms and coliphage, 65 samples were negative for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and coliphage, and 78 samples were positive for coliphage and negat...

Figure 1. Typical sewage treatment works schematic flow diagram in Hong Kong Hong Kong has the geographical advantage of being situated on the coast and therefore it is possible to use dual water supply systems (fresh + sea water systems in two separate distribution networks) for potable and non-potable uses. From the sea water supply system, about three quarters of the population in Hong Kong ...

INTRODUCTION Canada has the second highest per capita water consumption in the world. However, little is known about complex socio-economic and cultural dynamics of water insecurities in Indigenous communities and the multiple health consequences. Most studies have concentrated on a simplified interpretation of accessibility, availability and quality issues, including some common water-borne in...