Recent guidelines agree that upper airway diseases such as rhinitis and sinusitis, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are the most common triggers of chronic cough (CC). It is presumed that in patients with upper airway diseases cough originates in pharyngolaryngeal receptors stimulated by the postnasal drip of inflammatory material or made hypersensitive by mucosal inflammation...

Introduction Chronic cough, defined by some authors as lasting longer than eight weeks, is a problem frequently seen by primary care providers as well as specialists. Although elucidating the cause of a chronic cough can be difficult and frustrating—both for the patient and for the physician—systematic examination leads to successful diagnosis and treatment in nearly 100% of cases. In an estima...

Introduction: Halitosis is a common and devastating condition, which may affect up to 1/3 of the population. It can be classified either as genuine halitosis, pseudohalitosis, or halitophobia. Genuine halitosis is more common and usually related to an organic pathology such as periodontitis. Malodour molecules such as sulfur compounds that arise from bacterial interactions generate the basis of...

Nasal polyps are an easily recognizable clinical entity. They result from the prolapsed lining of the ethmoid sinuses and block the nose to a variable degree depending on the size. On examination polyps appear as pale bags which arise most commonly from the middle meatus and are relatively insensitive when probed. This helps to differentiate polyps from mucosa of the middle turbinate which may ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derived from the metabolism of oxygen and are traditionally viewed as toxic byproducts that cause damage to biomolecules. It is now becoming widely acknowledged that ROS are key modulators in a variety of biological processes and pathological states. ROS mediate key signaling transduction pathways by reversible oxidation of certain signaling components and are ...

Results 705 CRS patients were included in this study (CRSwNP n=400). Correlation between mean RSOM-31 and ‘VAS overall sinus’ score showed a moderate correlation (r=0.52), as did the correlation between RSOM-31 nasal domain and ‘VAS overall sinus’ score (r=0.52). Excellent correlations between RSOM-31 and VAS were found for the comparable symptom specific questions; nasal congestion (r=0.80), r...

For efficient use of water, accurate measurement of flow in (field/laboratory) channels is required for many water resource projects. The present work is aimed to study the flow characteristics of a twin plate weir (two sharp-crested plates are placed one behind the other at some distance) under free and submerged flow conditions. Experiments are performed with four spacing of the twin plate we...

Rhinitis is characterized by rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, nasal itch and/or postnasal drip. Often the first step in arriving at a diagnosis is to exclude or diagnose sensitivity to inhalant allergens. Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) comprises multiple distinct conditions that may even co-exist with allergic rhinitis (AR). They may differ in their presentation and treatment. As well, the ...

Wheezing is a commonly encountered complaint by patients seen in sports medicine practice. Wheezes are a continuous musical sound heard best on expiration and can originate from one or more of several defined anatomical locations in the human airway. While common causes of wheezing include exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, postnasal drip, and asthma, wheezing also follows specific respirato...