in this article, the writer discusses the concept of modernity and its relationship with social movements, as is reflected in classical works on modernity as well as in the contemporary modern political and sociological thoughts. the purpose is not to present a quantitative analysis of the development of the concept of modernity, but to explain the relationship between modernity and political a...

Turkey has long been a country which exercises secular state system. Its constitution identifies the country as a secular one, and state institutions are no doubt secular. It has been the state’s policy to exercise laicism on every level from education to legal system since the establishment of the Republic in 1923. Yet, this policy did not end up with Turkish people turning away from religion....

"Women's language" is a critical cultural category and an unavoidable part of practical social knowledge in contemporary Japan. In this article, I examine the genealogy of Japanese women's language by locating its emergence in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when state formation, capitalist accumulation, industrialization, and radical class reconfiguration were taking off. I show how par...