نتایج جستجو برای: possible being
تعداد نتایج: 1211592 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We extend the theory about terminological default reasoning by using a logical base language that can represent spatioterminological phenomena. Based on this description logic language called ALCRP(S2), which is briefly introduced, we discuss algorithms for computing so-called extensions (“possible worlds”) of a world description and a set of defaults. We conclude with an application of the the...
In this paper we investigate a probability logic with conditional probability operators. The logic (denoted LPP ) allows making statements such as CP≥s(α | β), with the intended meaning ”the conditional probability of α given β is at least s”. Conditional probabilities are defined in the usual Kolmogorv style: P (α | β) = P (α∧β) P (β) , P (β) > 0. A possible-world approach is used to give sema...
We introduce a new approach to representing and manipulating various types of non-singular concepts in natural language discourse. The representation we describe is based on a partially ordered structure of levels in which the objects of the same relative singularity are assigned to the same level. Our choice of the representation has been motivated by the following main concerns: I. The repres...
The label semantics linguistic representation framework is introduced as an alternative approach to computing and modelling with words, based on the concept of appropriateness rather than graded truth. A possible worlds interpretation of label semantics is then proposed. In this model it is shown that certain assumptions about the underlying possible worlds can result in appropriateness measure...
This paper describes a formal framework for uncertain reasoning in the possible worlds semantic theory. It shows that the model theory of belief functions is simpler than the model theory of lower order monotonic capacities. We concentrate on finding a generalization of belief functions with the same simple model theory, which also admits a conjunction operator. We identify collections of belie...
The semantics of evidentials is often analyzed as a subcase or a special case of modality in the recent formal literature (Izvorski, 1997; Faller, 2002; Speas, to appear; McCready and Ogata, 2005, among others). Moreover, some modern linguists consider the analysis of modality as a subcase of evidential or a speech act modifier (Papafragou 2000; Huddleston and Pullum 2002; Drubig 2001, among ot...
Dedication To Mom and Dad iii Acknowledgements Any single work was impossible without the invaluable support of many people. I am especially very grateful to my research advisor Prof. Michael Flynn for his encouragement and support. I am so lucky that I had a chance to work with him. I really learned a lot to be a good student and a good person even though not enough yet. I also thank all the o...
Evidential reasoning is a body of techniques that supports automated reasoning from evidence. It is based upon the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. Both the formal basis and a framework for the implementation of automated reasoning systems based upon these techniques are presented. The formal and practical approaches are divided into four parts (1) specifying a set of distinct propos...
In this paper I show that, just as with Nash Equilibrium, there are sparse conditions, not involving common knowledge of rationality, that lead to (correlated) rationalizability. The basic observation is that, if the actual world belongs to a set of states where the set Z of action pro les is played, each player knows her own payo¤, everyone is rational and it is mutual knowledge that the actio...
The paper provides a new semantics for positive modal logic using Kripke frames having a quasi ordering ≤ on the set of possible worlds and an accessibility relation R connected to the quasi ordering by the conditions (1) that the composition of ≤ with R is included in the composition of R with ≤ and (2) the analogous for the inverse of ≤ and R. This semantics has an advantage over the one used...
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