Children learn their native language by exposure to their linguistic and communicative environment, but apparently without requiring that their mistakes be corrected. Such learning from "positive evidence" has been viewed as raising "logical" problems for language acquisition. In particular, without correction, how is the child to recover from conjecturing an over-general grammar, which will be...

Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is a highly conserved transcription factor that has been implicated in human speech and language disorders and plays important roles in the plasticity of the developing brain. The pattern of nucleotide polymorphisms in FOXP2 in modern populations suggests that it has been the target of positive (Darwinian) selection during recent human evolution. In our study, we searche...

In most patterns of harmony and assimilation, a single segment triggers harmony to the left or right, until the end of the word or until some intervening blocker. Here, I classify the new subpattern of trigger-based count effects, in which multiple triggers are needed to induce harmony. For example, nasal assimilation in Kazakh requires two triggers: the onset of a suffix assimilates to a nasal...

DYT1 dystonia, an early onset generalized dystonia, also known as Oppenheim’s dystonia, is an inherited isolated dystonia characterized by progressive generalized muscle spasms and sustained postures leading to significant disability [1]. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with incomplete penetrance (30–40 %) and typically presents in childhood [2]. Patients harbor a 3-bp ...

OBJECTIVES Evidence-based decision making is becoming increasingly important in healthcare. Much valuable evidence is in the form of the results from clinical trials that compare the relative merits of treatments. In this paper, we present a new framework for representing and synthesizing knowledge from clinical trials involving multiple outcome indicators. METHOD The framework generates and ...

A large proportion of high titre Coxsackie B5 complement-fixation tests was detected among sera giving false positive Wassermann reactions during 1969. Echo virus type 9 proved to be the prevailing enterovirus and is one of those which induces the formation of antibody to Coxsackie B5. One case of Echo virus type 9 meningitis is presented which produced a false positive Wassermann reaction and ...

The Normalized Positive (NPOS) model is a rule-based model that predicts downbeat location and pattern complexity in rhythmical patterns. Though derived from several existing models, the NPOS model is particularly effective at making correct predictions while at the same time having low complexity. In this paper, the details of the model are explored and a comparison is made to existing models....

Transferrins are iron-binding proteins that are involved in iron storage and resistance to bacterial disease. Previous work has shown that nonsynonymous-to-synonymous-site substitution ratios (d(n)/d(s) ratios) between transferrin genes from some salmonid species were significantly greater than 1.0, providing evidence for positive selection at the transferrin gene. The purpose of the current st...

This research tested the prediction that Whites supply more lenient feedback to Blacks than to fellow Whites. In Study 1, White undergraduates were led to believe that they were giving feedback on essays written by either a Black or a White fellow student. As predicted, feedback was less critical when the supposed feedback recipient was Black rather than White. It was also predicted that the fe...

The Rickettsia genus is a group of obligate intracellular parasitic alpha-proteobacteria that includes human pathogens responsible for the typhus disease and various types of spotted fevers. rOmpA and rOmpB are two members of the "surface cell antigen" (Sca) autotransporter (AT) protein family that may play key roles in the adhesion of the Rickettsia cells to the host tissue. These molecules ar...