Cultural adaptation is one means by which conservationists may help populations adapt to threats. A learned behavior protect an individual from a threat, and the can be transmitted horizontally (within generations) vertically (between generations), rapidly conferring population-level protection. Although possible in theory, it remains unclear whether such manipulations work conservation setting...

The microfinance movement has built on innovations in financial intermediation that reduce the costs and risks of lending to poor households. Replications of the movement’s flagship, the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, have now spread around the world. While programs aim to bring social and economic benefits to clients, few attempts have been made to quantify benefits rigorously. This paper draws o...

23 Recent use of genomic (marker-based) relationships shows that relationships exist within 24 and across base population (breeds or lines). However, current treatment of pedigree 25 relationships is unable to consider relationships within or across base populations, although 26 such relationships must exist due to finite size of the ancestral population and connections 27 between populations. ...

Quantifying heritability is the first step in understanding the contribution of geneticvariation to the risk architecture of complex human diseases and traits. Heritabilitycan be estimated for univariate phenotypes from non-family data using linear mixedeffects models. There is, however, no fully developed methodology for defining orestimating heritability from longitudinal ...