treated with glutaraldehyde and concanavalin A and a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation of Coriolus ver sicolor induced synergistic resistance to L1210 leukemia in BALB/c x DBA/2Cr F, mice. This effect was dependent on the dose and timing of the administration of the proteinbound polysaccharide preparation, being most effective at the time of or 1 day after the second vaccination. Induced...

BACKGROUND The recent emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella strains highlights the need for better preventive measures, including vaccination. Safe and immunologic vaccines have been developed based on purified Vi polysaccharide. OBJECTIVE To compare the immune response elicited by two different brands of Salmonella Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViCPS). SETTING AND DESIGN Doubl...

BACKGROUND The meningococcal serogroup A (MenA) polysaccharide conjugate vaccine used in Sub-Saharan Africa does not prevent disease caused by MenW or MenX strains, which also cause epidemics in the region. We investigated the vaccine-potential of native outer membrane vesicles with over-expressed factor H-binding protein (NOMV-fHbp), which targeted antigens in African meningococcal strains, an...

To determine the effect of astragalus and ginseng polysaccharides (APS, GPS) on immune response and improvement of H5N1 vaccine, 360-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 8 groups of 45 chicks, comprising APS groups (1-3); GPS groups (4-6); vaccine group (7); and blank control (8) (without polysaccharide and vaccine). From day 12 after hatch groups 1-3 were given APS and groups 4-6 with G...

A comprehensive meningococcal vaccine is yet to be developed. In the absence of a vaccine that immunizes against the serogroup B capsular polysaccharide, this can only be achieved by targeting subcapsular antigens, and a number of outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) are under consideration as candidates. A major obstacle to the development of such a vaccine is the antigenic diversity of these OMPs, ...

VOLUME 90, NO. 4 In Quebec, the annual number of reported cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) increased from 37 in 1984 to 124 in 1990. The increase and the emergence of a virulent strain of serogroup C prompted the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (Provincial Ministry of Health) to immunize all children aged 6 months to 19 years in 1992. The increased incidence of IMD wa...

The increasing use of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been accompanied by the rise of non-vaccine serotypes colonizing the human nasopharynx. The vast majority of infections are caused by microorganisms that grow in biofilms. It has recently been shown that the formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae biofilms in vivo and in vitro is hindered by the presence of capsular polysacchar...