This paper empirically examines the extent to which organization characteristics promote the diffusion of pollution prevention technologies within a firm (parent company). We use panel data on more than 5000 facilities reporting to the Toxics Release Inventory over the period of 1991 to 2011 to examine the number of pollution prevention technologies adopted by a facility with respect to its siz...

OBJECTIVE To identify the awareness regarding noise pollution and its adverse effects on human health in the people of urban areas of Karachi. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Urban areas of Karachi, from September to October 2012. METHODOLOGY A survey was conducted with 50 selected subjects of urban areas of Karachi with their informed consent. The questio...

In an urban area the determination of transportation routes should be planned so as to minimize the provoked pollution taking into account the cost of such routes. In the sequel these routes are cited as pollution routes. The transportation network is expressed by a weighted graph ( ) , , , G V E D P = where every vertex represents a location to be served and E contains unordered pairs (edges) ...

Numerous studies have observed health effects of particulate air pollution. Compared to early studies that focused on severe air pollution episodes, recent studies are more relevant to understanding health effects of pollution at levels common to contemporary cities in the developed world. We review recent epidemiologic studies that evaluated health effects of particulate air pollution and conc...

Overview This paper investigates the investment in pollution control equipment under uncertainty. We assume that a firm's output generates a pollution by-product and the pollution reduces the productivity of capital. The dynamics of pollution is assumed to be governed by stochastic differential equation. Then, the firm has to invest in a pollution control equipment in order to reduce the pollut...

Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified outdoor air pollution and the particulate matter component of outdoor air pollution as class I carcinogen. Air pollution is consistently associated with lung cancer in epidemiologic and experimental studies. The IARC assessment is specifically designed as hazard identification, and it does not quantify the magnitude...

Air pollution is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the epidemiologic association between air pollution exposures and exacerbation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well established, the mechanisms by which these exposures promote CVD are incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of the components of air pollution, an overview of t...

The rapid industrial development that began in the 1950's created environmental problems which consequently led to health hazards among residents of heavily polluted areas in Japan, such as Minamata Disease and Yokkaichi Asthma. Faced with these situations, the Japanese national government and local environmental authorities exerted much efforts to control pollution as well as to provide soluti...

Despite the enormous economic benefit from accession to the WTO, overall welfare of trade liberalization might be compromised since pollution from production also increased. Using plausibly exogeneous tariff reduction on Chinese goods caused by the WTO accession, variation in industry composition across cities, and variation in pollution intensity across industries, I study the effect of trade ...

This paper examines the relationship between intra-industry trade in intermediate products, pollution and increasing returns. We develop a two-country model in which production occurs in two stages, final and intermediate good production. Intermediate goods are produced under monopolistic competition and final good production exhibits increasing returns with respect to the number of varieties o...