Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease which is mainly transmitted via contaminated food and drinking water by human feces, especially in situations of poor hygiene and sanitation (1). This disease is caused by 3 types of wild poliovirus (WPV) (types 1, 2 and 3), and immunity against one type does not create immunity against other types. In our country according National Immuni...

BACKGROUND India has recently achieved the "Polio free status" by WHO with stringent efforts of the Health Ministry to control its spread. However, we should not forget the lessons learnt from the failure of National malaria eradication Programme and National Tuberculosis control Programme which creates a need to assess the probable barriers for the various National Health Programmes. The prese...

Latar Belakang : Vaksin merupakan suspensi mikroorganisme yang dilemahkan atau dimatikan, protein antikgenik dari berbagai organisme tadi diberikan untuk mencegah, meringankan, mengobati penyakit-penyakit menular. pertama kali tercatat pada tahun 1769, dipublikasikan oleh Edward Jenner, yaitu specimen berasal lesi lengan seseorang terinfeksi Cowpox. Human Diploid Cells (HDC) salah satu sel digu...

It is hoped, and widely expected, that early in the next century the wild-type polio virus will be declared extinct as a result of an eradication programme started in 1988 by the World Health Assembly using live attenuated trivalent oral (Sabin) polio vaccine (OPV). This potential achievement is reminiscent of the successful eradication of smallpox in 1977, but there are important diVerences. M...

Background & objectives: Vaccination coverage in India is far from complete despite the commitment to universal coverage. In this study, we examine the role of health infrastructure in expanding immunization coverage in rural India. Our approach differs from prior work in that we include detailed measures of village health infrastructure that account for the wide variations in health care capab...

Vaccination is one of the most valuable and cost-effective strategies available to medicine in the battle to prevent and control infectious diseases. It is considered to be one of the ten greatest public health achievements of the 20th century (1). In the Americas, vaccination has brought about the eradication of smallpox in 1970 and of polio in 1991; the interruption of indigenous measles tran...

Background Recent detections of circulating serotype 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in northern Nigeria (Borno and Sokoto states) and Pakistan (Balochistan Province) and serotype 1 wild poliovirus in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria (Borno) represent public health emergencies that require aggressive response. Methods We demonstrate the importance of undervaccinated subpopulations, using an ex...

In the prevaccine era, infection with wild poliovirus (WPV) was common worldwide, with seasonal peaks and epidemics in the summer and fall in temperate areas. The incidence of poliomyelitis in the United States declined rapidly after the licensure of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in 1955 and live oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the 1960s. The last cases of indigenously acquired WPV in the United ...

OBJECTIVE To assess parent's knowledge and perceptions surrounding polio and polio vaccination, self-reported participation in polio supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) targeting children aged < 5 years, and reasons for non-participation. METHODS The mixed methods study began with a cross-sectional survey in Karachi, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess par...