Several recent studies have suggested that the distribution of income (earnings, jobs) is becoming more polarized. Much of the evidence presented in support of this view consists of demonstrating that the population share in an arbitrarily chosen middle income class has fallen. However, such evidence can be criticized as being range-specific – depending on the particular cutoffs selected. In th...

Context. Polarization phase curves of asteroids and other small airless bodies are influenced by the compositional physical properties their regolith. The mixing minerals composing regolith influences negative polarization at angles because it changes multiple scattering medium. Aims. This work aims to demonstrate experimentally how effect curve for different mineralogies relevant asteroids, de...

We examine the photo-assisted polarization loop in a BiFeO3 thin film under UV light illumination. BiFeO3 thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition method onto the BaTiO3 thin film and the polarization behavior has been measured under poling voltage. Our results show the engineered polarization due to controllable schottky barrier under inverse poling voltage. This control on schottky barri...

The separation of resistances during their measurement is important because it helps to identify contributors in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell performance. major methodologies for separating the are electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. In addition, an equivalent circuit was selected EIS analysis. Although PEM cells has been extensively studied, le...

Local electrochemical deposition is an emerging technique, used in the field of additive manufacturing. The advantage manufacturing lies utilization room temperature electrolyte and permits to manufacture microscale objects with high precision. increase current increases area, so measures are be taken focus electric field. This work describes influence polarization curve slope on accuracy local...

introduction: nowadays,  considerable developments  in  the field  of  radiotherapy have  been  achieved.  they  include  the  advances  made  in  the  equipments  and  treatment  planning  techniques  which  require  highly complex calculations. such achievements have made it possible to treat cancer patients not only  with  higher  radiation  dose  but  also  with  higher  precision  and  con...

As the standard gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt-emission model, internal shock (IS) model can reproduce fast-rise and slow-decay features of pulses in GRB light curve. The time- energy-dependent polarization deliver important physical information on emission region be used to test models. Polarization predictions for prompt phase with magnetized IS should investigated carefully. magnetic field is ...