BACKGROUND Immigrants to developed countries are a major source of TB. Therefore amongst strategies adopted for TB control in developed countries include; 1) Screening immigrants at ports of entry referred to as "Port of Arrival Screening" (PoA) and 2) Passive screening (PS) for TB which means screening immigrants through general practices, hospitals, chest-clinics and emergency departments. Ev...

The congestion pricing is an efficient allocation approach to mediate demand and supply of network resources. Different from the previous pricing using Affine Marginal Cost (AMC), we focus on studying the game between network coding and routing flows sharing a single link when users are price anticipating based on an Average Cost Sharing (ACS) pricing mechanism. We characterize the worst-case e...

Considerable evidence supports the role of prostaglandins in fever production, but the neuroanatomic sites of prostaglandin synthesis that produce fever remain unknown. With the use of a novel microinjection technique, we injected the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac into the preoptic area (POA) to determine which preoptic regions produce the prostaglandins required for fever. Initial experim...

Given a set of operations specified by their execution time intervals {[ai,zi)|i=1, ..., n}, where ai<zi, a processor-optimal allocation (POA) problem is to allocate the minimum number of processors to execute these operations, where any two operations [aj,zj) and [ak,zk) executed by a processor have the property of either zj≤ak or zk≤aj. A weighted version of the POA problem is to find a proce...

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that LHRH receptors in the preoptic area (POA) are of physiological importance for maintaining estrous cyclicity in the rat. Bilateral cannulae were implanted just dorsal to the POA. Estrous cycles were monitored daily by vaginal smears. Antide, a long-acting LHRH antagonist, was infused bilaterally (2.5 micrograms/side) in the POA or the hypotha...

Most carbon abatement projects under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have been implemented in rapidly industrializing countries, notably China and India. To support small carbon abatement projects and to promote decarbonization in the least developed countries, the Programme of Activities (PoA) modality was introduced. But are the determinants of project implementation di...

In some organizational applications, the principle of allocation (PoA) and scale advantage (SA) oppose each other. While PoA implies that organizations with wide niches get punished, SA holds that large organizations gain an advantage because of scale efficiencies. The opposition occurs because many large organizations also possess wide niches. However, analyzing these theoretical mechanisms im...

In large scale networks users often behave selfishly trying to minimize their routing cost. Modelling this as a noncooperative game, may yield a Nash equilibrium with unboundedly poor network performance. To measure this inefficacy, the Coordination Ratio or Price of Anarchy (PoA) was introduced. It equals the ratio of the cost induced by the worst Nash equilibrium, to the corresponding one ind...

This paper considers uncertain constrained systems, and develops two algorighms for computing a probabilistic output admissible (POA) set which is a set of initial states probabilistically assured to satisfy the constraint. The first algorithm is inspired by an existing randomized sequential technique. The second algorithm alleviates the computational effort based on heuristics. The present alg...