In this work, we construct the Lagrangian describing meson-diquark interaction, such that diquark-anti-diquark component as well molecular is introduced when studying ${Z}_{cs}$ states. way, problem solved if only considering ${\overline{D}}^{(*)}{D}_{s}^{(*)}$ components, potentials are suppressed by OZI rule. Through solving Bethe-Salpeter equation, find ${Z}_{cs}(4000{)}^{+}$ can be explaine...

An expanded set of sites, a more differentiated references and linguistic diversification have been discussed as needed changes in urban studies. The critiques the limitations studies, terms both scholarship scholars, offer important concrete responses to expanding scope field. Yet this tremendous special issue on ‘Comparative Methods for Global Urban Studies’ with 10 papers cutting across rang...

A series of chromophores y1–y3 based on the same bis(N,N-diethyl)aniline donor and the tricyanofuran acceptor (TCF) linked together via the modified thiophene π-conjugation with different isolated groups have been synthesized and systematically investigated in this paper. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps and first-order hyperpolarizability (β) of t...

Several numerical investigations of the Salpeter equation with static confining interactions of Lorentz-scalar type revealed that its solutions are plagued by instabilities of presumably Klein-paradox nature. By proving rigorously that the energies of all predicted bound states are part of real, entirely discrete spectra bounded from below, these instabilities are shown, for confining interacti...

We consider a single particle which is bound by a central potential and obeys the Dirac equation. We compare two cases in which the masses are the same but Va < Vb, where V is the time-component of a vector potential. We prove generally that for each discrete eigenvalue E whose corresponding (large and small) radial wave functions have no nodes, it necessarily follows that Ea < Eb. As an illust...

The (3+1)-dimensional Dirac equation with position dependent mass in 4-vector electromagnetic fields is considered. Using two over-simplified examples (the Dirac-Coulomb and Dirac-oscillator fields), we report energylevels crossing as a spectral property or as an effect of the hidden supersymmetric quantum mechanical language and/or quasi-parity signatures. Under different settings of the relat...

Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation in Minkowski space for scalar particles is solved for a kernel given by a sum of ladder and cross-ladder exchanges. The solution of corresponding Light-Front (LF) equation, where we add the time-ordered stretched boxes, is also obtained. Cross-ladder contributions are found to be very large and attractive, whereas the influence of stretched boxes is negligible. Both...

In this work the Aharonov-Casher (AC) phase is calculated for spin one particles in a noncommutative space. The AC phase has previously been calculated from the Dirac equation in a noncommutative space using a gauge-like technique [17]. In the spin-one, we use kemmer equation to calculate the phase in a similar manner. It is shown that the holonomy receives non-trivial kinematical corrections. ...

In this paper, we restudy the Green function expressions of field equations. We derive the explicit form of the Green functions for the Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac equation, and then estimate the decay rate of the solution to the linear equations. The main motivation of this paper is to show that: (1). The formal solutions of field equations expressed by Green function can be elevated as a ...