Abstract The peak loads experienced by aircraft of all scales will typically be during gusts, turbulence or extreme manoeuvres. Understanding the aerodynamic response to these transient disturbances is therefore crucial, particularly when Leading-Edge Vortices (LEVs) occur. This fundamental study investigates a wide range plunging motions. exhibited strong dependence motion amplitude yet remain...

Plunge depth is one of the most important process parameters that affect joint strength in refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW). In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model developed using Lagrangian incremental formulation DEFORM-3D to simulate FSSW thin AA7075-T6 sheets. The verified by comparing obtained temperatures at specific locations with from previous experimental stu...