Recent work by Jaffe and Scardicchio has expressed the optical approximation to the Casimir effect as a sum over geometric quantities. The first two authors have developed a technique which uses the complex geometry of the space of oriented affine lines in R to describe reflection of rays off a surface. This allows the quantities in the optical approximation to the Casimir effect to be calculat...

External genitalia are anatomical structures located at the posterior embryonic region as part of several urogenital/reproductive organs. The embryonic anlage of the external genitalia, the genital tubercle (GT) develops as a bud-shaped structure with an initial urethral plate and later urethra. Embryonic external genitalia are considered to be one of the appendages. Recent experiments suggest ...

A simple model of non-Newtonian creeping flow is used to evaluate classes of rheologies which allow viscous mantle flow to become plate-like. The model describes shallow-layer lithospheric motion driven by sources and sinks. The sources represent spreading ridges while the sinks represent subduction zones; the sources and sinks thus also prescribe the poloidal component of the surface flow fiel...

Axial muscles are innervated by motor neurons of the median motor column (MMC). In contrast to the segmentally restricted motor columns that innervate limb, body wall, and neuronal targets, MMC neurons are generated along the entire length of the spinal cord. We show that the specification of MMC fate involves a dorsoventral signaling program mediated by three Wnt proteins (Wnt4, Wnt5a, and Wnt...

To determine whether diffusible guidance cues direct retinal axon growth and divergence at the optic chiasm, we cocultured mouse retinal and chiasm explants in collagen gels. The chiasm reduced retinal neurite lengths and numbers, but did not affect commissural or pontine neurite growth. This reduction in growth was equal for all retinal quadrants and occurred without reorienting the direction ...

Abstract: Effects of aspect ratio, sweep angle, and stacking sequence of laminated composites were studied to find the optimized configuration of an aeroelastically tailored composite wing idealized as a flat plate in terms of flutter speed. The aeroelastic analysis has been carried out in frequency-domain. The 2D finite element analysis in conjunction with Doublet-lattice Method (DLM) has been...

Gene duplication is thought to provide raw material for functional divergence and innovation. Fish-specific dmrt2b has been identified as a duplicated gene of the dmrt2a/terra in fish genomes, but its function has remained unclear. Here we reveal that Dmrt2b knockdown zebrafish embryos display a downward tail curvature and have U-shaped somites. Then, we demonstrate that Dmrt2b contributes to a...

geometric and material nonlinear behavior of slender webs in i-column girders having stocky flanges under the action of combined lateral and axial loads is investigated. interaction curves corresponding to the application of compressive and shear loads at buckling and ultimate stages for both web plates and column sections are plotted. in addition, the effects of flange and web slenderness rati...

Abstract The “ Iberobathynella group”, or Iberobathynellini tribe, is a complex of six genera consisting 33 nominal species and several cryptic with an amphiatlantic distribution (in Europe, North Africa America). A modern systematic revision this group subterranean crustaceans presented here. phylogenetic biogeographic study using morphological molecular data (mitocondrial coi nuclear 18S) was...