ABSTRACT Successful spread of an organism to a new habitat requires both immigration to and growth on that habitat. Field experiments were conducted to determine the relative roles of dispersal (i.e., immigration) and bacterial multiplication in spread of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae in the phyllosphere. To study spread, individual plots consisted of three nested concentric squares with th...

The exotic vine Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar. (Asclepiadaceae) is a major natural-areas pest throughout the Great Lakes Basin. Colonization of new areas by this herbaceous perennial occurs by comose wind-dispersed seeds. Previous experiments suggested a trade-off between seed dispersability and seed quality: smaller seeds dispersed farther but were less likely to emerge and seedlings ...

Abstract In various application areas, networked data is collected by measuring interactions involving some specific set of core nodes. This results in a network dataset containing the nodes along with potentially much larger fringe that all have at least one interaction node. many settings, this type arises for structures are richer than graphs, because they involve sets; example, might be ind...

For small involutive and integral quantaloids Q it is shown that covariant presheaves on symmetric Q-categories are equivalent to certain subalgebras of a speci c monad on the category of symmetric Q-categories. This construction is related to a weakening of the subobject classi er axiom which does not require the classi cation of all subalgebras, but only guarantees that classi able subalgebra...

Interspecific hybridization may enhance the capacity of populations to adapt to changing environments, and has practical implications for reforestation. We use genome-wide estimates of admixture and phenotypic traits for trees in a common garden to examine the extent and direction of gene flow across a Picea hybrid zone, testing assumptions of the bounded hybrid superiority and tension zone mod...

Motif search is a fundamental problem in bioinformatics with an important application in locating transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in DNA sequences. The exact algorithms can report all (l, d) motifs and find the best one under a specific objective function. However, it is still a challenging task to identify weak motifs, since either a large amount of memory or execution time is requi...

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The problem of identifying meaningful patterns (i.e., motifs) from biological data has been studied extensively due to its paramount importance. Three versions of this problem have been identified in the literature. One of these three problems is the planted (l, d)-motif problem. Several instances of this problem have been posed as a challenge. Numerous algorithms have been proposed in the lite...

The simplest model of this form is for the graph bisection problem. This is the problem of partitioning the vertices of a graph into two equal-sized sets while minimizing the number of edges bridging the sets. To create an instance of the planted bisection problem, we first choose a paritition of the vertices into equal-sized sets V 1 and V 2. When then choose probabilities p > q, and place edg...