Although smoke exposure has been associated with the development of smoke taint in grapes and subsequently in wine, to date there have been no studies that have demonstrated a direct link. In this study, postharvest smoke exposure of grapes was utilized to demonstrate that smoke significantly influences the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of wine and causes an apparent 'smoke t...

Bushfire smoke can affect the composition and sensory properties of grapes and wines, in some cases leading to wines which exhibit undesirable "smoky", "ashy" and "medicinal" characters. This study investigated the extent to which fruit maturity (i.e., ripeness) influences the perception of smoke taint in wine. Two white grape varieties (Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc) and two red grape varieti...

BACKGROUND The major risk factor for the development of COPD is cigarette smoking. Smoking causes activation of resident cells and the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the lungs, which leads to release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemotactic factors, oxygen radicals and proteases. In the present study evidence is found for a new cellular mechanism that refers to a link between smoking ...

Grapevine smoke exposure and the subsequent development of taint in wine has resulted significant financial losses for grape growers winemakers throughout world. Smoke is characterized by objectional smoky aromas such as “ashy”, “burning rubber”, “smoked meats”, resulting that unpalatable hence unprofitable. Unfortunately, current climate change models predict a broadening window which bushfire...

I magine a software assistant agent (AA) that proactively provides relevant concise personalized information to an analyst or first responder and collaborates with other AAs to share knowledge and arrange person-to-person contact. The following descriptive scenario provides an example application of this concept. A report of an explosion at a chemical plant is received by a homeland security (H...

Cannabis sativa contains more than 400 known compounds, of which the terpene chemicals, called cannabinoids, are unique to this species. The cannabinoids, which occur as the corresponding acids in the plant material, are the major psychoactive components in this species. The compounds are decarboxylated from the inactive acidic form into the active form by means of smoking. Previous research ha...

In September 2020, extremely strong wildfires in the western United States of America (i.e., mainly California) produced large amounts smoke, which was lifted into free troposphere. These biomass-burning-aerosol (BBA) layers were transported from US west coast toward central Europe within 3–4 days turning sky milky and receiving high media attention. The present study characterizes this pronoun...

Ofulue, A. Felix, and Mary Ko. Effects of depletion of neutrophils or macrophages on development of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 21): L97–L105, 1999.—The aim of this study was to ascertain the putative roles of neutrophils or macrophages in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoking-induced emphysema on the basis of effects of anti-neutrophil (anti...

During a fire, flames can quickly spread throughout the room because wallpaper covers entire surface. Smoke generated from fire is significant obstacle to evacuation. Therefore, it essential study smoke characteristics of ensure evacuation safety. This used ISO 5659-2 combustion chamber method measure density over time with and without flame conditions using 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup> radi...

Abstract. Data derived from instruments on board the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) CloudSat satellites as well meteorological parameters reanalysis are used to explore situations when moist aerosol layers overlie stratocumulus clouds over southeast Atlantic during biomass burning season (June October). To separate quantify impacts of loading, type, ...