This study examined the effects of aural and written prompts under two planning conditions (i.e. pre-task planning and no planning) on complexity, accuracy, and fluency of test takers' writing production. Forty learners in an English institute, who had already been classified as intermediate according to the Oxford Placement Test, were assigned to two planning conditions (i.e. no planning and p...

We consider the multi-robot task allocation (MRTA) problem in an initially unknown environment. The objective of the MRTA problem is to find a schedule or sequence of tasks that should be performed by a set of robots so that the cost or energy expended by the robots is minimized. Existing solutions for the MRTA problem mainly concentrate on finding an efficient task allocation among robots, wit...

Controlling rigid body dynamic simulations can pose a difficult challenge when constraints exist on the bodies’ goal states and the sequence of intermediate states in the resulting animation. Manually adjusting individual rigid body control actions (forces and torques) can become a very labour-intensive and non-trivial task, especially if the domain includes a large number of bodies or if it re...

rapid urban growth is resulting into increase in travel demand and private vehicle ownership in urban areas. in the present scenario the existing infrastructure has failed to match the demand that leads to traffic congestion, vehicular pollution and accidents. with traffic congestion augmentation on the road, delay of commuters has increased and reliability of road network has decreased. four s...

Article history: Received 30 May 2015 Received in revised form 18 September 2015 Accepted 30 September 2015 Available online 8 October 2015

Integrated simulation systems are important tools to decrease the damage caused by various disasters. In peacetime, it would be used for disaster-proof city planning, disaster prevention plans, and disaster response training. At the time of a disaster occurs, it will be used for real-time simulation to predict disasters. The paper describes the simulation system that has the following features:...

The animation of groups of characters involves the generation of some interesting steering behaviors like following a single path, moving toward a common objective, and moving while keeping a formation. This paper presents a new approach to manage the movement of groups in dynamic environments using a simple and robust algorithm that includes a strategy to keep formations during the displacemen...

Grid-based methods for finding cost optimal paths are popular because of their flexibility and simple implementation. However, their computational complexity becomes unfeasible for real-time path planning if the resolution of the grid is high. These methods assume complete knowledge about the world, but in dynamic environments where sensing is done on board the robot, less is known about far-aw...

In order to correctly model certain real-world planning problems, it is essential to take into account time. This is the case for problems requiring the concurrent execution of actions (known as temporally-expressive problems). In this paper we define and study the notion of temporally-cyclic problems, that is problems involving sets of cyclically-dependent actions. We characterize those tempor...