Abstract Anodic bonding is a reliable packaging method for MEMS devices, and the surface properties of wafer directly affect efficiency. Therefore, treatment to be bonded necessary. Herein, effects three different cleaning processes (degreasing, piranha solution RCA solution) on were investigated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron infrared spectroscopy, anodic experiments. The analys...

It is an intriguing task to develop efficient connectionist representations for learning long time series. Recurrent neural networks have great promises here. We model the learning task as a minimization problem of a nonlinear leastsquares cost function, that takes into account both one-step and multi-step prediction errors. The special structure of the cost function is constructed to build a b...

The genetic variability and distribution of Amazonian fish species have likely been influenced by major disturbance events in recent geological times. Alternatively, the great diversity of aquatic habitat in the Amazon is likely to shape ongoing gene flow and genetic diversity. In this context, complex patterns of genetic structure originating from a joint influence of historical and contempora...

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as concentrações de cálcio (Ca), potássio (K), sódio (Na) e magnésio (Mg) na água em peixes rios da Região Integração Carajás, Amazônia Oriental. As coletas foram realizadas entre maio junho 2015, nos municípios Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás Marabá, no estado do Pará. Foram selecionadas 14 áreas para a obtenção amostras exemplares peixes, totalizando 53 exem...

In recent years, attacks by piranhas have become a common problem in dammed portions of rivers and streams in the State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. In two outbreaks recorded in two neighboring counties in the Northwest region of the state, 74 bathers were bitten. Only one bite per person was recorded during a short period of the year. The bites were related to parental care and/or defens...

The structural characterization and function of the stomach in the omnivore Pygocentrus nattereri were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The sac-like stomach was morphologically divided into the cardiac and pyloric regions. The histological structure of the stomach consisted of four layers of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The superficial epithelium of the ...

This work discusses the influence of different cleaning procedures on p-gallium nitride (GaN) grown sapphire by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition. The cleaned p-GaN surface was transferred into an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and studied X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, revealing that a with so-called “piranha” procedure results in low carbon oxygen concentrations surface. Contrary, solely u...

Stable F-T-based catalyst development in direct CO hydrogenation to higher alcohols is still a challenge at present. In this study, CuFe/SiO2 catalysts with SiO2 support treated piranha solution were prepared and evaluated long-term reaction. The showed total alcohols’ selectivity great stability during reaction of more than 90 h. It was found that the treatment enriched surface hydroxyl groups...