Some hydraulic applications are characterized by systems originally flowing in free-surface conditions that subsequently undergo flow regime transition into pressurized flow during rapid filling events. Currently, models simulating these flow regime transitions are classified by approaches that either track the location of the pressurized front or use the Preissmann slot concept. While Preissma...

Abstract A coincidence between the 2 S1/2–3 S1/2 two-photon transition in the atomic spectrum of 6Li and the X 1 + g → E 1 + g two-photon ro-vibrational series of Li2 was observed near 735 nm in a heat pipe oven using a tunable laser and thermionic diode detection scheme. The molecular transition obscures one component of the 6Li atomic transition. Selective detection of the atomic transition w...

Liquid carbon dioxide (L-CO2) phase-transition blasting technology (LCPTB) has caused wide concern in many fields, but there is a lack of research on the initiation fracturing pipe. Studies regarding pipe are critical for controlling and optimizing LCPTB. Therefore, this article, series exploratory experiments were carried out to investigate qualitative quantitative relationships between three ...

This study presents results from detailed experiments of the two-phase pressurized flow behavior during the rapid filling of a large-scale pipeline. The physical scale of this experiment is close to the practical situation in many industrial plants. Pressure transducers, water level meters, thermometers, void fraction meters and flow meters were used to measure the two-phase unsteady flow dynam...

Although the critical Reynolds number for linear instability of the laminar flow in a straight pipe is infinite, we show that it is finite for a divergent pipe, and approaches infinity as the inverse of the divergence angle. The velocity profile at the threshold of inviscid stability is obtained. A non-parallel analysis yields linear instability at surprisingly low Reynolds numbers, of about 15...

Below grade storage tunnels in stormwater systems are usually designed to operate in a free-surface flow regime. However, intense rain events may trigger flow regime transition to pressurized flow, which results in operational problems. To date, little guidance is available as to the considerations necessary to properly design a system undergoing flow regime transition. In this investigation, a...

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is frequently used as a measure of atherosclerosis in various research areas. Despite its frequent use, there are still no accepted standards for the most optimal ultrasound protocol for single or repeat CIMTassessments. Hence, choices of the CIMT ultrasound protocol to be used are generally based on experience and expert opinion rather than on solid eviden...