members of the genus gongylonema  are nematodes that commonly infect ruminants, particularly sheep and goats. an 11-year-old donkey mare was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital, school of veterinary medicine, ferdowsi university of mashhad, mashhad, northeastern iran, with a history of acute colitis. at post-mortem examination, there were several white to pink zigzag tracks in the muco...

In friction stir welding frictional heat is generated by the rotating tool, sliding over the stationary plate along the weld centre. Tool being the only source of heat producing member, its geometrical design influences the heat generation rate. In this present work, effects of variation in tool shoulder and tool pin taper angles on thermal history during joining are analysed. Tools with triang...

In a parasitic study on five Sharks (Carcharhinus macloti) caught from the Iranian coasts of Persian Gulf, two of five sharks appeared to have nematode in their intestine. Using light microscopy, the nematode was identified as Acanthocheilus rotundatus. A. rotundatus  is characterised by 3.3-4.5 cm in length, semithick cuticle, small lips, semicircular and tri-lobed pseudolabia (not offset from...

Pin site infections are a common complication of external fixation that places a significant burden on the patient and healthcare system. Such infections increase the number of clinic visits required during a patient's course of treatment, can result in the need for additional treatment including antibiotics and surgery, and most importantly can compromise patient outcomes should osteomyelitis ...

Directional transport of auxin is essential for plant development, with PIN auxin transport proteins representing an integral part of the machinery that controls hormone distribution. However, unlike the rapidly emerging framework of molecular determinants regulating PIN protein abundance and subcellular localization, insights into mechanisms controlling PIN transcription are still limited. Her...

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a clinically well known condition. However, its diagnosis is often difficult. We present four cases of PIN, seen in our department. Various histological patterns ranging from PIN I to PIN III were noted in these cases.

The purpose of this study was to test and compare external fixator construct stiffness using pin-to-bar clamps or multipin clamps across 2 external fixation systems. Constructs were tested with 8-mm and 11-mm-diameter bar systems and pin-to-bar or multipin clamps. Three construct designs were tested: construct 1 with a single crossbar and pin-to-bar clamps, construct 2 with 2 crossbars and pin-...

Pin-tract infection (PTI) is the most commonly expected problem, or even an almost inevitable complication, when using external fixation. Left unteated, PTI will progress unavoidably, lead to mechanical pin loosening, and ultimately cause instability of the external fixator pin-bone construct. Thus, PTI remains a clinical challenge, specifically in cases of limb lengthening or deformity correct...

T-S. Tay and W. Whiteley independently characterized the multigraphs which can be realized as an infinitesimally rigid d-dimensional body-and-hinge framework. In 1984 they jointly conjectured that each graph in this family can be realized as an infinitesimally rigid framework with the additional property that the hinges incident to each body lie in a common hyperplane. This conjecture has becom...