This article shows how the burgeoning Hindu festivals in small town West Bengal – Hooghly and Nadia can be understood as a dynamic interplay of political patronage, play rivalry revelry, finally piety. The argues that strategic implementation competitive Hindutva (Hindu nationalism), concept utsab instead puja is employed by leadership to appease majority while ostensibly signalling towards Hin...

The public sphere in Indonesia features prominent piety demonstrations among middle-class Muslims, showcasing religious performances like al-Quran recitation competitions, Islamic films, and the selection of Muslim ambassadors, which collectively color sphere. Previous studies Muslims their practices have closely related to a perspective commodification religion. Therefore, this study aims prov...