It is argued that causal understanding originates in experiences of acting on objects. Such experiences have consistent features that can be used as clues to causal identification and judgment. These are singular clues, meaning that they can be detected in single instances. A catalog of 14 singular clues is proposed. The clues function as heuristics for generating causal judgments under uncerta...

The Weight of Pictorial Space

The first lecture will present pictorial semiotics within the framework of general semiotic theory. It will construe semiotics as a particular point of view taken on everything which is human or, more generally, endowed with life, rather than simply the continuation of the mixed or separate doctrines due to Saussure and Peirce. The historical part will describe briefly the development of pictor...

A method of data embedding based on the convolution of message data with a random phase carrier is presented. The theory behind this method is reviewed and it is shown that the technique can be used to hide both pictorial and non-pictorial data. The details of the procedures used for carrier design, message template optimization, message extraction optimization, block synchronization, and rotat...

Our research group [1] is doing research in the field of visual programming. We are interested in threedimensional visual programming environment in particular. The conventional visual programming systems mainly focused on two-dimensional pictorial programming. A big problem is that two-dimensional visual programming systems fail to manage a lot of pictorial programming elements. This paper pro...

This paper presents a highly pictorial and vivid concept for the visualization of dynamic information for the supervisory control of distant technical systems. Elements of technical system are modeled and presented “close to the real appearance”. System information like process values are integrated into these elements. Production goals and deviations from the goals are visualized situation-dep...

A system for the automatic creation of Pictorially Enriched Ontologies is presented, that is ontologies for context-based video digital libraries, enriched by pictorial concepts for video annotation, summarization and similarity-based retrieval. Extraction of pictorial concepts with video clips clustering, ontology storing with MPEG-7, and the use of the ontology for stored video annotation are...

A new species belonging to the new Ototomoensis Group, Orthopodomyia ototomoensis Huang and Rueda, is described from Ototomo, Cameroon. Diagnostic features for separating members of Nkolbissonensis Group and Ototomoensis Group from other Orthopodomyia groups are provided. Two supplemental keys are presented: "A Pictorial Key to the Species of the Genus Orthopodomyia Ototomoensis Group in the Af...

The paper considers two questions. The first one is: Is it possible to transmit three-dimensional pictorial information through transparent glass (or other dielectric) fibers? We find that due to modal dispersion, pictorial information is invariably "smeared" in transmission. The second question is: Given nature's reluctance to transmit pictures through fibers, is there anything we can do about...