usual practice. Indeed, there are some instances where one would have wished that the authors had taken a more definite and critical position. Hurxthal and Musulin have, therefore, produced a book which serves one particular purpose, and serves it admirably. It is difficult to see how a more useful reference book for clinical use could have been compiled; but this is no book for the scholarly s...

Relating emergency contraception, commonly referred to as "the morning-after pill," to the menstrual cycle can be used both to teach endocrine function and to show how physiology relates to the world outside the undergraduate classroom. The menstrual cycle is an excellent topic for teaching many features of the physiology of the human endocrine system. Relating emergency contraception to the me...

One of the many changes in India since economic liberalisation began in 1991 is the increased use of private schooling. There has been a growing body of literature to assess whether this is a positive trend and to evaluate the effects on child achievement levels. The challenge is to identify the true private school effect on achievement, isolating the effect of the schools themselves from other...

This manuscript describes a "dry laboratory" using the "virtual rat" to help students understand the hormonal regulation of gastrointestinal function. The laboratory was modeled after a recent exercise that used the virtual rat to teach basic endocrine physiology. The virtual rat concept avoids the many obstacles associated with animal experimentation (for example, lack of adequate animal facil...

Adult C57B1/Icrc female mice were given a single total body dose of 300r X-rays. They were mated with non-irradiated litter-mates and the progeny maintained over several generations. Some of the females of the 17th generation of this population gave birth to litters with phenotypic characters different from the original parents. At maturity the total gonadotrophins of the pituitaries of these a...

Incubation temperature during embryonic development determines gonadal sex in many reptiles, including the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius). In this study, we examined the hormonal and behavioral changes that occur during the reproductive cycle of female leopard geckos from four (i.e., 26, 30, 32.5, and 34 degrees C) incubation temperatures. Controlling for reproductive status, plasma lev...

Sexuality is an important topic across the life continuum. Research has shown that sexuality or intimacy declines with age. This has been attributed to several factors, including but not limited to age-related changes, changes in vasculature, hormones, endocrine function, chronic disease, and psychosocial effects. Limited research has been provided on the effect diabetes mellitus may have on se...

Background: One of the main reasons of environmental contaminations is the broad application of herbicides. Controlled release technologies such as encapsulation of herbicides are as an effective tool to reduce environmental contaminations. The aim of the present study was successful nanocapsulation of Gallant Super (GS), its characterization and compare the physiological responses of Spirodela...