The phase-field-crystal model is by now widely used in order to predict crystal nucleation and growth. For colloidal solidification with completely overdamped individual particle motion, we show that the phase-field-crystal dynamics can be derived from the microscopic Smoluchowski equation via dynamical density-functional theory. The different underlying approximations are discussed. In particu...

A solution based laser direct write technique for patterning of glass substrates with silver nanoparticles is presented. Photoreduction of an AgNO3 solution, by nanosecond UV laser pulses, produces a source solution of silver particles. A glass substrate is then inserted into this solution and the laser is scanned over its surface. Laser-induced fragmentation of the silver particles in the solu...

Our work reports in detail the results of systematic large-scale theoretical investigations of the glycosaminoglycan building units 1-OMe DeltaIdoA-2SNa2 (1; 2H1 and 1H2 forms), 1-OMe GlcN-S6SNa2 (2), 1,4-DiOMe GlcNa (3), 1,4-DiOMe GlcN-S3S6SNa3 (4), 1,4-DiOMe IdoA-2SNa2 (5; 4C1, 1C4, and 2So conformations), and 1,4-DiOMe GlcN-S6SNa2 (6) at the BP86/TZ2P level of the density functional theory. ...

When reasoning about the facts of a case, we typically use stories to link the known events into coherent wholes. One way to establish coherence is to appeal to past examples, real or fictitious. These examples can be chosen and critiqued using the case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques from the AI and Law literature. In this paper, we apply these techniques to factual stories, assessing a story...

When human tutors engage in dialogue, they freely exploit all aspects of the mutually known context, including the previous discourse. Utterances that do not draw on previous discourse seem awkward, unnatural, or even incoherent. Previous discourse must be taken into account in order to relate new information effectively to recently conveyed material , and to avoid repeating old material that w...

High-resolution finite volume methods for solving systems of conservation laws have been widely embraced in research areas ranging from astrophysics to geophysics and aero-thermodynamics. These methods are typically at least second-order accurate in space and time, deliver non-oscillatory solutions in the presence of near discontinuities, e.g., shocks, and introduce minimal dispersive and diffu...

The first part of this paper reviews some issues representing major computational challenges for global MHD models of the space environment. These issues include mathematical formulation and discretization of the governing equations that ensure the proper jump conditions and propagation speeds, regions of relativistic Alfvén speed, and controlling the divergence of the magnetic field. The secon...