Sugars and other sweeteners are often the main components of a confection. Besides making them sweet, they also provide bulk to the candy. However, the physico-chemical properties of the sweeteners do more than just provide bulk. The physical characteristics of a candy, which include consistency, chewy or stretchy characteristics, melt-in-the-mouth behavior, flavor release, and many other prope...

Although the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by lactic dehydrogenase has been investigated by several workers, little work has been reported on the physical chemistry of this protein. In particular, a precise value for the molecular weight has not been reported. Meister (1) has estimated the molecular weight to be of the order of 100,000 to 150,000. Neilands (2) has reported a val...

Sugars and other sweeteners are often the main components of a confection. Besides making them sweet, they also provide bulk to the candy. However, the physico-chemical properties of the sweeteners do more than just provide bulk. The physical characteristics of a candy, which include consistency, chewy or stretchy characteristics, melt-in-the-mouth behavior, flavor release, and many other prope...

1. Del Toro, I., Ribbons, R., Pelini, S., 2012. The little things that run the world revisited: a review of ant-mediated ecosystem services and disservices (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 17, 133–146. Google Scholar

Survival and transport of pathogens from manure in the environment depend on a number of complex phenomena. An important question is how the properties of such a complex environment as the soil–manure medium impact the persistence of bacteria within the vadose zone. First, manure can change the partitioning of precipitation water between infiltration (enhanced by solid manure) and surface runof...