BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Due to the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains, screening of natural resources, especially actinomycetes, for new therapeutic agents discovery has become the interests of researchers. In this study, molecular, chemical and biological screening of soil actinomycetes was carried out in order to search for peptide-producing actinomycetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 ac...

Steroid hormones are essential for the normal function of most organ systems in vertebrates. Reproductive activities in females and males, such as the differentiation, growth and maintenance of the reproductive system, require signaling by sex steroid hormones. Although extensively studied in mammals and a few fish and bird species, the evolution and molecular mechanisms associated with the nuc...

........................................................................................................................................................... 1743 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1743 Types of haemocytes in major orders of insects .......................

Phylogenic outline of the vertebrate olfactory system is summarized in the present review. In the fish and the birds, the olfactory system consists only of the olfactory epithelium (OE) and the olfactory bulb (B). In the amphibians, reptiles and mammals, the olfactory system is subdivided into the main olfactory and the vomeronasal olfactory systems, and the former consists of the OE and the ma...

Distance-based approaches to phylogeny use estimations of the evolutionary distance between sequences to reconstruct an evolution tree. If the evolution can be represented by an X-tree, the different sequences can be ordered so that the distance matrix Yi, jn, representing the distance from a leaf n to the path (i, j), is perfectly ordered meaning that Yi, jn >or= Yi, kn and Yk, jn >or= Yk, in ...

The detection of tandem repeats is important in biology and medicine as it can be used for phylogenic studies and disease diagnosis. A major difficulty in identification of repeats arises from the fact that the repeat units can be either exact or imperfect, in tandem or dispersed, and of unspecified length. This paper presents results obtained by combining grey level spectrograms with a novel n...

Aux/IAA (Auxin/Indole- 3- Acetic Acid) family, one of the early response gene family auxin signals, is involved in regulating numerous aspects plant growth and development. As an important economic plant, identification  family genes pecan great significance. In this study, a total 37 were identified genome using bioinformatics method, subcellular localization revealed that all its members...

Trypanosomes encode a family of proteins known as Major Surface Metalloproteases (MSPs). We have identified six putative MSPs encoded within the partially sequenced T. congolense genome. Phylogenic analysis indicates that T. congolense MSPs belong to five subfamilies that are conserved among African trypanosome species. Molecular modeling, based on the known structure of Leishmania Major GP63, ...

In this study, the intent was to identify genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in Korean cattle (Bos taurus coreana) and to analyze the genetic relationship between Korean cattle and other breeds. Whole mtDNA genomes (16,338 bp) of 26 animals (16 Korean cattle and 10 Holsteins) were directly sequenced. Multiple alignments, including 26 whole-mtDNA sequences obtained by direct sequenc...