introduction: scatter radiation is one of the major sources of error in nuclear medicine data processing. different methods of scatter correction have been introduced in order to improve the quality of data. however the best method is to avoid recording of scatter photons in acquisition. the only difference between scattered and non-scattered photons is the energy. pulse height analyzer is the ...

Seventeen two-photon transitions for neon have been observed in the 580- 635 nm spectral region for use in the spectroscopic study of its higher excited levels, which are not accessible by one-photon absorption. To compare the two and one-photon absorption signals originating from the same lower level, an effort was made to record single-photon optogalvanic spectrum in the available wavele...

Background: As bremsstrahlung photon beam fluence is important parameter to be known in a photonuclear reaction experiment as the number of produced particle is strongly depends on photon fluence. Materials and Methods: Photon production yield from different thickness of aluminum target has been estimated using artificial neural network (ANN) model. Target thickness and incoming electr...

Trimming procedures are an important part of the sequence analysis pipeline in an EST Sequencing Project. In general, trimming is done in several phases, each one detecting and removing some kind of undesirable artifact, such as low quality sequence, vectors or adapters sequence, and contamination. However, this strategy often results in a phase being unable to recognize its target because part...

Cyathea atrovirens occurs in a wide range of habitats in Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. In the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, this commonly found species is a target of intense exploitation, because of its ornamental characteristics. The in vitro culture is an important tool for propagation which may contribute toward the reduction of extractivism. However, exogenous contaminat...

The 1986 Chernobyl fallout had dramatic consequences for traditional reindeer husbandry in central and southern Norway, and also for many farmers in these areas. In end July 1986 the Government therefore passed a principal resolution stating that every producer should be economically compensated for all losses due to measures introduced by the authorities because of the Chernobyl deposition. By...

Trace element concentrations in blood plasma or serum have been assayed by numerous investigators using a variety of analytical techniques. For several elements, figures obtained in different centers are widely disparate. Impressive evidence has accumulated that a great deal of the inconsistencies should be ascribed to unsuspected contamination of the samples with exogenous material during thei...

Different definitions of risk too easily lead to differences in the type and level of risk accepted by varying stakeholders involved in the remediation process and redevelopment of contaminated sites as a whole. This can be rooted in the way risk information is interpreted and evaluated: technical risk definitions are largely evidential and based on engineering or technical contents, whereas so...

Alkylphenol polyethoxylate (APEO) derivatives, such as nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), have been detected in the surface water, sediment, food and groundwater of numerous countries. Because groundwater is the main source of water for pig herds, the aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of APEO derivatives...