The photodegradation of pesticides is reviewed, with particular reference to the studies that describe the mechanisms of the processes involved, the nature of reactive intermediates and final products. Potential use of photochemical processes in advanced oxidation methods for water treatment is also discussed. Processes considered include direct photolysis leading to homolysis or heterolysis of...

The fluorescence properties of the calcium indicators Fura-2 and Fluo-3 have been investigated in the presence of the 'caged calcium' photolabile chelators Nitr-5 and DM-nitrophen. The excitation spectra of dilute solutions of these indicators was distorted by the presence of photolabile chelators, owing to differential absorbance of excitation light by the chelators, as well as calcium-depende...

The excision repair of nondimer DNA damages induced in normal human skin fibroblasts exposed to the Mylar-filtered UV produced by a fluorescent sunlamp was investigated. This work was accomplished through the development of a modification of the bromodeoxyuridine photolysis assay that greatly increases the sensitivity of this assay. This enhancement in sensitivity was achieved through use of al...

Thiirene, Thioketene, 1,2,3-Thiadiazole, Thio-Wolff Rearrangement Photolysis of argon-matrix isolated 4,5-bis(carbomethoxy)-l,2,3-thiadiazole with A = 254 or 265 nm resulted in the almost quantitative formation of bis(carbomethoxy)thiirene (3g). Photolysis of 3g could only be carried out by long irradiation times at short wavelength A = 210nm and resulted mainly in extensive fragmentation inste...

Heptamethine cyanines are important near-IR fluorophores used in many fluorescence applications. Despite this utility, these molecules are susceptible to light-promoted reactions (photobleaching) involving photochemically generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we have sought to define key chemical aspects of this nearly inescapable process. Near-IR photolysis of a model heptamethine cya...

The lack a of standard approach for presenting contaminant remediation kinetics using the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) for water treatment hampers efforts to cross-interpret results and apply literature data for the prediction of treatment efficiencies in new experimental settings. Properly weighted UV fluence rates can be used to define parameters for assessing the UV/H2O2 AOP that...

Astrocytes in hippocampal slices can dynamically regulate synaptic transmission in a process mediated by increases in intracellular Ca(2+). However, it is debated whether astrocytic Ca(2+) signals result in release of glutamate. We here compared astrocytic Ca(2+) signaling triggered by agonist exposure versus photolysis side by side. Using transgenic mice in which astrocytes selectively express...

One-electron oxidized guanine is an important reactive intermediate in the formation of oxidatively generated damage in DNA and a variety of methods have been utilized for the abstraction of a single electron from the guanine moiety. In this study, an alternative approach for the site specific, independent generation of the guanine radical, utilizing N-hydroxypyrid-2(1H)-one as a photolabile mo...

We have studied the synthesis of carbon dioxide from solid carbon monoxide at 16 K induced by photolysis with Lyman-α photons and by irradiation with 200 keV protons to quantitatively compare the effects of photolysis and ion irradiation on CO ice and to determine the importance of these processes in interstellar ice grains. The CO and CO2 concentrations during irradiation of an initially pure ...