Derangements of mineral metabolism occur during the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia develops in the majority of patients with ESRD and has long been associated with progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. More recent observational data have associated hyperphosphatemia with increased cardiovascular mortality among dialysis patients....

Prevention and treatment of renal osteodystrophy (ROD) are great challenges for pediatric nephrologists. The strategies for prevention and treatment of ROD in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) should be created on an individual basis. The following factors should be considered: age, type of primary disease, rate of progression of CRF, nutrition, acidosis, type of dialysis, and drugs (co...

The role of daily dialysis in the control of hyperphosphatemia. In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hyperphosphatemia occurs in the vast majority of patients. The numerous clinical sequelae of hyperphosphatemia include secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased risk of cardiovascular death. Chronic hemodialysis as it is currently practiced in the United States does not remove suff...

Vascular calcifications produce a high impact on morbidity and mortality rates in patients affected by chronic kidney disease and mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Effects are manifested from the more advanced stages of CKD (stages 3-4), particularly in patients undergoing dialysis (CKD5D). In recent years, a large number of therapeutic options have been successfully used in the treatment of sec...

The abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease patients are associated with an increased risk of fractures, vascular calcifications and cardiovascular diseases. A few decades ago hyperphosphatemia and the common development of secondary hyperparathyroidism were thought to be the main problem to deal with. Since dietary phosphate restriction and haemodialysis were not...

Elevated serum phosphorus, calcium, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. This study evaluated the effects of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (PA21), a new iron-based phosphate binder, versus lanthanum carbonate (La) and sevelamer carbonate (Se), on serum FGF23, phosphorus, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) conc...